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Explorations in fine-tuning Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) from Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), have made impressive progress. However, most approaches rely on explicit weight updates, overlooking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Yifan Wang , Yiyang Huang , Yun Fu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have shown remarkable performance in cross-modal tasks through large-scale contrastive pre-training. To adapt these large transformer-based models efficiently for downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Haniyeh Ehsani Oskouie , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

The fine-tuning of pre-trained language models has a great success in many NLP fields. Yet, it is strikingly vulnerable to adversarial examples, e.g., word substitution attacks using only synonyms can easily fool a BERT-based sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Xinhsuai Dong , Luu Anh Tuan , Min Lin , Shuicheng Yan , Hanwang Zhang

Despite their impressive capabilities, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit perceptual fragility when confronted with visually complex scenes. This weakness stems from a reliance on finite training datasets, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yicheng Bao , Xuhong Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Chaochao Lu , Xia Hu , Xin Tan

Learning robust representations from data often requires scale, which has led to the success of recent zero-shot models such as CLIP. However, the obtained robustness can easily be deteriorated when these models are fine-tuned on other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Younghyun Kim , Jongheon Jeong , Sangkyung Kwak , Kyungmin Lee , Juho Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Adversarial examples cause neural networks to produce incorrect outputs with high confidence. Although adversarial training is one of the most effective forms of defense against adversarial examples, unfortunately, a large gap exists…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Saehyung Lee , Hyungyu Lee , Sungroh Yoon

In targeted adversarial attacks on vision models, the selection of the target label is a critical yet often overlooked determinant of attack success. This target label corresponds to the class that the attacker aims to force the model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Katarzyna Filus , Jorge M. Cruz-Duarte

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) trained on web-scale image-text pairs have enabled impressive zero-shot transfer across a diverse range of visual tasks. However, comprehensive and independent evaluation beyond standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jia Chengyu , AprilPyone MaungMaung , Huy H. Nguyen , Jinyin Chen , Isao Echizen

Large language models are typically post-trained using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL), yet effectively unifying efficient knowledge injection with robust generalization remains challenging. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wangjie Gan , Miao Pan , Linbo Xi , Wenqi Zhang , Jintao Chen , Jianwei Yin , Xuhong Zhang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) often causes overfitting to specific prompt wording, where minor phrasing variations drastically reduce performance. To address this, we propose Prompt-Agnostic Fine-Tuning (PAFT), a method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Chenxing Wei , Yao Shu , Mingwen Ou , Ying Tiffany He , Fei Richard Yu

Adversarial training is the most empirically successful approach in improving the robustness of deep neural networks for image classification.For text classification, however, existing synonym substitution based adversarial attacks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Xiaosen Wang , Yichen Yang , Yihe Deng , Kun He

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) methods are blossoming recently, and its crucial goal is to jointly learn visual and textual features via a transformer-based architecture, demonstrating promising improvements on a variety of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Weihan Wang , Zhen Yang , Bin Xu , Juanzi Li , Yankui Sun

Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have gained significant popularity as foundation models, with numerous fine-tuning methods developed to enhance performance on downstream tasks. However, due to their inherent vulnerability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Lijun Sheng , Jian Liang , Zilei Wang , Ran He

Unsupervised and self-supervised learning methods have leveraged unlabelled data to improve the pretrained models. However, these methods need significantly large amount of unlabelled data and the computational cost of training models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Utkarsh Chauhan , Vikas Joshi , Rupesh R. Mehta

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalizability across diverse downstream tasks. However, recent studies have revealed that VLMs, including CLIP, are highly vulnerable to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jia Deng , Jin Li , Zhenhua Zhao , Shaowei Wang

Fine-tuning flow matching models is a central challenge in settings with limited data, evolving distributions, or strict efficiency demands, where unconstrained fine-tuning can erode the accuracy and efficiency gains learned during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Gudrun Thorkelsdottir , Arindam Banerjee

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have witnessed a surge in both research and real-world applications. However, as they are becoming increasingly prevalent, ensuring their robustness against adversarial attacks is paramount. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Rishika Bhagwatkar , Shravan Nayak , Reza Bayat , Alexis Roger , Daniel Z Kaplan , Pouya Bashivan , Irina Rish

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) by aligning their outputs with desired human values through instruction tuning. However, RLHF…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhang Ze Yu , Lau Jia Jaw , Zhang Hui , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Vision-language pretraining (VLP) with transformers has demonstrated exceptional performance across numerous multimodal tasks. However, the adversarial robustness of these models has not been thoroughly investigated. Existing multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiwei Guan , Tianyu Ding , Longbing Cao , Lei Pan , Chen Wang , Xi Zheng

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong cross-modal performance, yet recent evidence suggests they over-rely on textual descriptions while under-utilizing visual evidence -- a phenomenon termed ``text shortcut learning.'' We propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lijie Zhou