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To facilitate zero-shot generalization in taskoriented dialog, this paper proposes Language Models as Data (LAD). LAD is a paradigm for creating diverse and accurate synthetic data which conveys the necessary structural constraints and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Shikib Mehri , Yasemin Altun , Maxine Eskenazi

Classical methods in robot motion planning, such as sampling-based and optimization-based methods, often struggle with scalability towards higher-dimensional state spaces and complex environments. Diffusion models, known for their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Edward Sandra , Lander Vanroye , Dries Dirckx , Ruben Cartuyvels , Jan Swevers , Wilm Decré

Robots in dynamic, human-centric environments must follow language instructions while maintaining real-time reactive control. Vision-language-action (VLA) models offer a promising framework, but they assume temporally aligned reasoning and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhiyu Huang , Yun Zhang , Johnson Liu , Rui Song , Chen Tang , Jiaqi Ma

Achieving robot transparency is a critical step toward effective human-robot collaboration. To be transparent, a robot's natural language communication must be consistent with its actions and explicitly grounded in the task and environment.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Theodor Wulff , Federico Tavella , Rahul Singh Maharjan , Manith Adikari , Angelo Cangelosi

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose robotic control, with test-time scaling (TTS) gaining attention to enhance robustness beyond training. However, existing TTS methods for VLAs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hyeonbeom Choi , Daechul Ahn , Youhan Lee , Taewook Kang , Seongwon Cho , Jonghyun Choi

We present KeyCLD, a framework to learn Lagrangian dynamics from images. Learned keypoints represent semantic landmarks in images and can directly represent state dynamics. We show that interpreting this state as Cartesian coordinates,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Rembert Daems , Jeroen Taets , Francis wyffels , Guillaume Crevecoeur

Leveraging temporal context is crucial for success in partially observable robotic tasks. However, prior work in behavior cloning has demonstrated inconsistent performance gains when using multi-frame observations. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Huiwon Jang , Sihyun Yu , Heeseung Kwon , Hojin Jeon , Younggyo Seo , Jinwoo Shin

Vision-language-action (VLA) models perform well on training-seen robotic tasks but struggle to generalize to unseen scenes and objects. A key limitation lies in their implicit visual representations, which entangle object appearance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hanyu Zhou , Chuanhao Ma , Gim Hee Lee

Video-and-language pre-training has shown promising results for learning generalizable representations. Most existing approaches usually model video and text in an implicit manner, without considering explicit structural representations of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Guohao Li , Hu Yang , Feng He , Zhifan Feng , Yajuan Lyu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Autoregressive language models trained with next-token prediction generate text by sampling one discrete token at a time. Although very scalable, this objective forces the model to commit at every step, preventing it from exploring or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lorenzo Noci , Gregor Bachmann , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Moin Nabi

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires robots to follow natural language instructions and navigate complex environments without prior maps. While recent vision-language large models demonstrate strong reasoning abilities, they often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Liuyi Wang , Zongtao He , Jinlong Li , Ruihao Xia , Mengxian Hu , Chenpeng Yao , Chengju Liu , Yang Tang , Qijun Chen

Vision--Language--Action (VLA) policies have shown strong progress in mapping language instructions and visual observations to robotic actions, yet their reliability degrades in cluttered scenes with distractors. By analyzing failure cases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jiaying Zhou , Zhihao Zhan , Ruifeng Zhai , Qinhan Lyu , Hao Liu , Keze Wang , Liang Lin , Guangrun Wang

Video generation models offer a promising imagination mechanism for robot manipulation by predicting long-horizon future observations, but effectively exploiting these imagined futures for action execution remains challenging. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yajie Li , Bozhou Zhang , Chun Gu , Zipei Ma , Jiahui Zhang , Jiankang Deng , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promising capabilities in scene understanding, enhancing the explainability of driving behaviors and interactivity with users. Existing methods primarily fine-tune VLMs on on-board multi-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nan Song , Bozhou Zhang , Xiatian Zhu , Jiankang Deng , Li Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for embodied intelligence, enabling robots to perform tasks based on natural language instructions and current visual input. However, existing VLA models struggle with…

Enabling humanoid robots to perform autonomously loco-manipulation in unstructured environments is crucial and highly challenging for achieving embodied intelligence. This involves robots being able to plan their actions and behaviors in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Jin Wang , Arturo Laurenzi , Nikos Tsagarakis

The goal of continual learning (CL) is to train a model that can solve multiple tasks presented sequentially. Recent CL approaches have achieved strong performance by leveraging large pre-trained models that generalize well to downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Liangzu Peng , Juan Elenter , Joshua Agterberg , Alejandro Ribeiro , René Vidal

Long-horizon robotic manipulation requires bridging the gap between high-level planning (System 2) and low-level control (System 1). Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models often entangle these processes, performing redundant multimodal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tongqing Chen , Hang Wu , Jiasen Wang , Xiaotao Li , Lu Fang

The field of motion prediction for automated driving has seen tremendous progress recently, bearing ever-more mighty neural network architectures. Leveraging these powerful models bears great potential for the closely related planning task.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Marcel Hallgarten , Martin Stoll , Andreas Zell

Text-driven image manipulation is developed since the vision-language model (CLIP) has been proposed. Previous work has adopted CLIP to design a text-image consistency-based objective to address this issue. However, these methods require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Wanfeng Zheng , Qiang Li , Xiaoyan Guo , Pengfei Wan , Zhongyuan Wang