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Federated learning is a promising approach for training machine learning models while preserving data privacy. However, its distributed nature makes it vulnerable to backdoor attacks, particularly in NLP tasks, where related research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Minyeong Choe , Cheolhee Park , Changho Seo , Hyunil Kim

Federated Learning (FL) is witnessing wider adoption due to its ability to benefit from large amounts of scattered data while preserving privacy. However, despite its advantages, federated learning suffers from several setbacks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Osama Wehbi , Sarhad Arisdakessian , Omar Abdel Wahab , Anderson Avila , Azzam Mourad , Hadi Otrok

Deep Learning-based image synthesis techniques have been applied in healthcare research for generating medical images to support open research. Training generative adversarial neural networks (GAN) usually requires large amounts of training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Ruinan Jin , Xiaoxiao Li

Federated learning (FL) enables a set of entities to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their sensitive data, thus, mitigating some privacy concerns. However, an increasing number of works in the literature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Aidmar Wainakh , Ephraim Zimmer , Sandeep Subedi , Jens Keim , Tim Grube , Shankar Karuppayah , Alejandro Sanchez Guinea , Max Mühlhäuser

Federated self-supervised learning (FSSL) has recently emerged as a promising paradigm that enables the exploitation of clients' vast amounts of unlabeled data while preserving data privacy. While FSSL offers advantages, its susceptibility…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yuwen Qian , Shuchi Wu , Kang Wei , Ming Ding , Di Xiao , Tao Xiang , Chuan Ma , Song Guo

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed devices while preserving local data privacy, making it ideal for mobile and embedded systems. However, the decentralized nature of FL also opens vulnerabilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Kichang Lee , Yujin Shin , Jonghyuk Yun , Songkuk Kim , Jun Han , JeongGil Ko

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training across multiple clients without exposing local data, but its distributed feature makes it vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Despite early FL backdoor attacks modifying entire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Kuai Yu , Xiaoyu Wu , Peishen Yan , Qingqian Yang , Linshan Jiang , Hao Wang , Yang Hua , Tao Song , Haibing Guan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to the \emph{backdoor attack}, which intends to embed hidden backdoors in DNNs by poisoning training data. The attacked model behaves normally on benign samples, whereas its prediction will be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yiming Li , Yanjie Li , Yalei Lv , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning technique that enables individual clients (e.g., user participants, edge devices, or organizations) to train a model on their local data in a secure environment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Waris Gill , Ali Anwar , Muhammad Ali Gulzar

Federated Transfer Learning (FTL) is the most general variation of Federated Learning. According to this distributed paradigm, a feature learning pre-step is commonly carried out by only one party, typically the server, on publicly shared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Marco Arazzi , Stefanos Koffas , Antonino Nocera , Stjepan Picek

Recent advances in federated learning have demonstrated its promising capability to learn on decentralized datasets. However, a considerable amount of work has raised concerns due to the potential risks of adversaries participating in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 KiYoon Yoo , Nojun Kwak

Federated Contrastive Learning (FCL) is an emerging privacy-preserving paradigm in distributed learning for unlabeled data. In FCL, distributed parties collaboratively learn a global encoder with unlabeled data, and the global encoder could…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yao Huang , Kongyang Chen , Jiannong Cao , Jiaxing Shen , Shaowei Wang , Yun Peng , Weilong Peng , Kechao Cai

Federated Learning (FL) is a technique that allows multiple parties to train a shared model collaboratively without disclosing their private data. It has become increasingly popular due to its distinct privacy advantages. However, FL models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Syed Irfan Ali Meerza , Jian Liu

Federated learning allows clients to collaboratively train a global model without uploading raw data for privacy preservation. This feature, i.e., the inability to review participants' datasets, has recently been found responsible for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yihang Lin , Pengyuan Zhou , Zhiqian Wu , Yong Liao

Federated Self-Supervised Learning (FSSL) integrates the privacy advantages of distributed training with the capability of self-supervised learning to leverage unlabeled data, showing strong potential across applications. However, recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiayao Wang , Yiping Zhang , Jiale Zhang , Wenliang Yuan , Qilin Wu , Junwu Zhu , Dongfang Zhao

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training while preserving privacy. Recently, the integration of Foundation Models (FMs) into FL has enhanced performance but introduced a novel backdoor attack mechanism. Attackers can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiaohuan Bi , Xi Li

Federated learning has seen increased adoption in recent years in response to the growing regulatory demand for data privacy. However, the opaque local training process of federated learning also sparks rising concerns about model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Yuxi Mi , Yiheng Sun , Jihong Guan , Shuigeng Zhou

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train deep learning models while considering sensitive local datasets' privacy. However, adversaries can manipulate datasets and upload models by injecting triggers for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Zekai Chen , Fuyi Wang , Zhiwei Zheng , Ximeng Liu , Yujie Lin

Backdoor attacks represent a subtle yet effective class of cyberattacks targeting AI models, primarily due to their stealthy nature. The model behaves normally on clean data but exhibits malicious behavior only when the attacker embeds a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sujeevan Aseervatham , Achraf Kerzazi , Younès Bennani

As a new paradigm in machine learning, self-supervised learning (SSL) is capable of learning high-quality representations of complex data without relying on labels. In addition to eliminating the need for labeled data, research has found…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Changjiang Li , Ren Pang , Zhaohan Xi , Tianyu Du , Shouling Ji , Yuan Yao , Ting Wang