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With the rise of different language model architecture, fine-tuning is becoming even more important for down stream tasks Model gets messy, finding proper hyperparameters for fine-tuning. Although BO has been tried for hyperparameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zishuo Bao , Yibo Liu , Changyutao Qiu

Bayesian optimization is a powerful method for optimizing black-box functions with limited function evaluations. Recent works have shown that optimization in a latent space through deep generative models such as variational autoencoders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Seunghun Lee , Jaewon Chu , Sihyeon Kim , Juyeon Ko , Hyunwoo J. Kim

We propose an optimization proxy in terms of iterative implicit gradient methods for solving constrained optimization problems with nonconvex loss functions. This framework can be applied to a broad range of machine learning settings,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Harshal D. Kaushik , Ming Jin

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) for neural networks on tabular data is critical to a wide range of applications, yet it remains challenging due to large, non-convex search spaces and the cost of exhaustive tuning. We introduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Pedro Chumpitaz-Flores , My Duong , Ying Mao , Kaixun Hua

A novel multiscale consensus-based optimization (CBO) algorithm for solving bi- and tri-level optimization problems is introduced. Existing CBO techniques are generalized by the proposed method through the employment of multiple interacting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Michael Herty , Yuyang Huang , Dante Kalise , Hicham Kouhkouh

Deep neural networks are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting when trained on sequential tasks. Various continual learning (CL) methods often rely on exemplar buffers or/and network expansion for balancing model stability and plasticity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Depeng Li , Tianqi Wang , Junwei Chen , Qining Ren , Kenji Kawaguchi , Zhigang Zeng

Bilevel optimization has been successfully applied to many important machine learning problems. Algorithms for solving bilevel optimization have been studied under various settings. In this paper, we study the nonconvex-strongly-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Xuxing Chen , Minhui Huang , Shiqian Ma

This study investigates the application of Bayesian Optimization (BO) for the hyperparameter tuning of neural networks, specifically targeting the enhancement of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for image classification tasks. Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Gabriele Onorato

Bilevel optimization provides a powerful framework for modelling hierarchical decision-making systems. This work presents a sensitivity-based algorithm that addresses the bilevel structure directly by treating the lower-level optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Eduardo Nolasco , Ross D. King , Vassilios S. Vassiliadis

Bilevel optimization has found extensive applications in modern machine learning problems such as hyperparameter optimization, neural architecture search, meta-learning, etc. While bilevel problems with a unique inner minimal point (e.g.,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-09 Daouda Sow , Kaiyi Ji , Ziwei Guan , Yingbin Liang

This paper reviews gradient-based techniques to solve bilevel optimization problems. Bilevel optimization is a general way to frame the learning of systems that are implicitly defined through a quantity that they minimize. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Nicolas Zucchet , João Sacramento

A bilevel optimization problem consists of two optimization problems nested as an upper- and a lower-level problem, in which the optimality of the lower-level problem defines a constraint for the upper-level problem. This paper considers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Takuya Kanayama , Yuki Ito , Tomoyuki Tamura , Masayuki Karasuyama

Approximate bi-level optimization (ABLO) consists of (outer-level) optimization problems, involving numerical (inner-level) optimization loops. While ABLO has many applications across deep learning, it suffers from time and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Valerii Likhosherstov , Xingyou Song , Krzysztof Choromanski , Jared Davis , Adrian Weller

Topology Optimization (TO), which maximizes structural robustness under material weight constraints, is becoming an essential step for the automatic design of mechanical parts. However, existing TO algorithms use the Finite Element Analysis…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Zherong Pan , Xifeng Gao , Kui Wu

Bilevel optimization recently has received tremendous attention due to its great success in solving important machine learning problems like meta learning, reinforcement learning, and hyperparameter optimization. Extending single-agent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-02 Xuxing Chen , Minhui Huang , Shiqian Ma , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian

Due to the hierarchical structure of many machine learning problems, bilevel programming is becoming more and more important recently, however, the complicated correlation between the inner and outer problem makes it extremely challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Junyi Li , Bin Gu , Heng Huang

In recent years, a variety of gradient-based methods have been developed to solve Bi-Level Optimization (BLO) problems in machine learning and computer vision areas. However, the theoretical correctness and practical effectiveness of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Risheng Liu , Pan Mu , Xiaoming Yuan , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

We develop new algorithms for Riemannian bilevel optimization. We focus in particular on batch and stochastic gradient-based methods, with the explicit goal of avoiding second-order information such as Riemannian hyper-gradients. We propose…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Sanchayan Dutta , Xiang Cheng , Suvrit Sra

Stochastic bilevel optimization finds widespread applications in machine learning, including meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and neural architecture search. To extend stochastic bilevel optimization to distributed data, several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihan Zhang , My T. Thai , Jie Wu , Hongchang Gao

Handling uncertainty is critical for ensuring reliable decision-making in intelligent systems. Modern neural networks are known to be poorly calibrated, resulting in predicted confidence scores that are difficult to use. This article…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Gabriele Sanguin , Arjun Pakrashi , Marco Viola , Francesco Rinaldi
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