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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in language-related tasks, but their deployment poses significant challenges due to substantial memory and storage requirements. Weight-only quantization has emerged as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Wenhua Cheng , Weiwei Zhang , Haihao Shen , Yiyang Cai , Xin He , Kaokao Lv , Yi Liu

Post Training Quantization (PTQ), a mainstream model compression technique, often leads to the paradoxical 'low error, high loss' phenomenon because it focuses solely on minimizing quantization error. The root cause lies in the Hessian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jinhao Zhang Yunquan Zhang , Zicheng yan , Boyang Zhang , Jun Sun , Daning Cheng

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a widely used method to compress large language models (LLMs) without fine-tuning. It typically sets quantization hyperparameters (e.g., scaling factors) based on current-layer activations. Although this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zheqi Lv , Zhenxuan Fan , Qi Tian , Wenqiao Zhang , Yueting Zhuang

This work introduces NeuroQuant, a novel post-training quantization (PTQ) approach tailored to non-generalized Implicit Neural Representations for variable-rate Video Coding (INR-VC). Unlike existing methods that require extensive weight…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Junqi Shi , Zhujia Chen , Hanfei Li , Qi Zhao , Ming Lu , Tong Chen , Zhan Ma

Powerful large language models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to be deployed with lower computational costs, enabling their capabilities on resource-constrained devices. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a star approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yuzhuang Xu , Shiyu Ji , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

The presence of outliers in Large Language Models (LLMs) weights and activations makes them difficult to quantize. Recent work has leveraged rotations to mitigate these outliers. In this work, we propose methods that learn fusible rotations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Advait Gadhikar , Riccardo Grazzi , James Hensman

Large Language Models (LLMs) with multimodal capabilities have revolutionized vision-language tasks, but their deployment often requires huge memory and computational resources. While post-training quantization (PTQ) has successfully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shubhang Bhatnagar , Andy Xu , Kar-Han Tan , Narendra Ahuja

In Large Language Models (LLMs), the number of parameters has grown exponentially in the past few years, e.g., from 1.5 billion parameters in GPT-2 to 175 billion in GPT-3 to possibly more than trillion in higher versions. This raises a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Mahmoud Elgenedy

Large-scale visual generative models have achieved remarkable performance. However, their high computational and memory costs make deployment challenging in resource-constrained scenarios, such as interactive applications and personal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yongsen Cheng , Kai Liu , Kaiwen Tao , Junxian Li , Zhixin Wang , Zhikai Chen , Renjing Pei , Yulun Zhang

Quantized training of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains an open challenge, as maintaining accuracy while performing all matrix multiplications in low precision has proven difficult. This is particularly the case when fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Saleh Ashkboos , Mahdi Nikdan , Soroush Tabesh , Roberto L. Castro , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

The 8 bits quantization has been widely applied to accelerate network inference in various deep learning applications. There are two kinds of quantization methods, training-based quantization and post-training quantization. Training-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Di Wu , Qi Tang , Yongle Zhao , Ming Zhang , Ying Fu , Debing Zhang

Recent works on compression of large language models (LLM) using quantization considered reparameterizing the architecture such that weights are distributed on the sphere. This demonstratively improves the ability to quantize by increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa , Maximilian L. Croci , Agrin Hilmkil , James Hensman

Low-bit activation quantization remains a major bottleneck in efficient large language model (LLM) deployment. The difficulty is not only that activations contain outliers, but that their distributions are often poorly matched to a low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ke Li , Dong An , Xiaoling Zang , Can Ye , Liang Xie , Qibo Qiu , Chen Shen , Xiaofei He , Wenxiao Wang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) offers an efficient approach to compressing large language models (LLMs), significantly reducing memory access and computational costs. Existing compensation-based weight calibration methods often rely on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Xingyu Zheng , Haotong Qin , Yuye Li , Haoran Chu , Jiakai Wang , Jinyang Guo , Michele Magno , Xianglong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) face significant computational and memory challenges, making extremely low-bit quantization crucial for their efficient deployment. In this work, we introduce SDQ-LLM: Sigma-Delta Quantization for 1-bit LLMs of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Junhao Xia , Ming Zhao , Limin Xiao , Xiujun Zhang

Quantization plays an important role in the energy-efficient deployment of deep neural networks on resource-limited devices. Post-training quantization is highly desirable since it does not require retraining or access to the full training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Jun Fang , Ali Shafiee , Hamzah Abdel-Aziz , David Thorsley , Georgios Georgiadis , Joseph Hassoun

Quantization emerges as one of the most promising compression technologies for deploying efficient large models for various real time application in recent years. Considering that the storage and IO of weights take up the vast majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yi Guo , Fanliu Kong , Xiaoyang Li , Hui Li , Wei Chen , Xiaogang Tian , Jinping Cai , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu

One approach to reducing the massive costs of large language models (LLMs) is the use of quantized or sparse representations for training or deployment. While post-training compression methods are very popular, the question of obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Andrei Panferov , Jiale Chen , Soroush Tabesh , Roberto L. Castro , Mahdi Nikdan , Dan Alistarh

Although recent quantized Large Language Models (LLMs), such as BitNet, have paved the way for significant reduction in memory usage during deployment with binary or ternary weights, training these models still demands substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kaiyan Zhao , Tsuguchika Tabaru , Kenichi Kobayashi , Takumi Honda , Masafumi Yamazaki , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

The emergence of fine-grained numerical formats like NVFP4 presents new opportunities for efficient Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, it is difficult to adapt existing Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) strategies to these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haoqian Meng , Yilun Luo , Yafei Zhao , Wenyuan Liu , Peng Zhang , Xindian Ma
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