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This paper addresses the hardware structure of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) and presents a comprehensive overview of RIS design, considering both unit design and prototype systems. It commences by tracing the evolutionary…
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a promising technology for enhancing wireless communications through dense antenna arrays. Accurate channel estimation is critical to unlocking their full performance potential. To…
This chapter focuses on a hardware architecture for semi-passive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) and investigates its consideration for boosting the performance of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication systems. The…
As a prospective key technology for the next-generation wireless communications, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have gained tremendous research interest in both the academia and industry in recent years. Only limited knowledge,…
This paper investigates a fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS)-assisted Rydberg Atomic REceiver (RARE) architecture under magnitude-only heterodyne readout. We show that, unlike conventional coherent systems, the optimal…
Until now, researchers in wireless communications have mainly focused their attention on slowly time-varying designs of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), where the spatial-phase gradient across the RIS is varied at the rate equal…
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is a promising solution to reconfigure the wireless environment in a controllable way. To compensate for the double-fading attenuation in the RIS-aided link, a large number of passive reflecting…
The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging promising candidate technology for future wireless networks, where the element spacing is usually of sub-wavelength. Only limited knowledge, however, has been gained about the…
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is a promising solution to build a programmable wireless environment via steering the incident signal in fully customizable ways with reconfigurable passive elements. In this paper, we consider a…
In this paper, a new reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) hardware architecture, called self-organized RIS (SORIS), is proposed. The architecture incorporates a microcontroller connected to a single-antenna receiver operating at the…
Ensuring the precision of channel modeling plays a pivotal role in the development of wireless communication systems, and this requirement remains a persistent challenge within the realm of networks supported by Reconfigurable Intelligent…
Different from conventional passive reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), incident signals and thermal noise can be amplified at active RISs. By exploiting the amplifying capability of active RISs, noticeable performance improvement…
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) constitute a strong candidate physical-layer technology for the $6$-th Generation (6G) of wireless networks, offering new design degrees of freedom for efficiently addressing demanding performance…
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is very promising for wireless networks to achieve high energy efficiency, extended coverage, improved capacity, massive connectivity, etc. To unleash the full potentials of RIS-aided communications,…
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising technology for improving capacity and extending coverage of wireless networks. In this work, we consider RIS-aided millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input and…
A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) employs an array of individually-controllable elements to scatter incident signals in a desirable way; for example, to facilitate links between base stations and mobile stations that would…
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a spectrum- and energy-efficient technology to enhance the coverage of wireless communications within the upcoming 6G networks. Recently, novel extensions of this technology,…
Direct-to-satellite (DtS) communication has gained importance recently to support globally connected Internet of things (IoT) networks. However, relatively long distances of densely deployed satellite networks around the Earth cause a high…
The fluid antenna system (FAS) concept is an emerging paradigm that promotes the utilization of the feature of shape and position reconfigurability in antennas to broaden the design of wireless communication systems. This also means that…
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), also known as intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), or large intelligent surfaces (LISs), have received significant attention for their potential to enhance the capacity and coverage of wireless…