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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but incur high communication overhead and privacy risks in cloud deployments, while facing compute and memory constraints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Junfei Zhan , Haoxun Shen , Zheng Lin , Tengjiao He

Large Language Model (LLM) applications are vulnerable to prompt injection and context manipulation attacks that traditional security models cannot prevent. We introduce two novel primitives--authenticated prompts and authenticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohan Rajagopalan , Vinay Rao

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI applications but poses significant challenges in safeguarding user privacy. Ensuring compliance with privacy regulations such as GDPR and CCPA while addressing nuanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Shubhi Asthana , Bing Zhang , Ruchi Mahindru , Chad DeLuca , Anna Lisa Gentile , Sandeep Gopisetty

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs), which closely track user data and context, has prompted users to share personal and private information in unprecedented ways. Even when users opt out of allowing their data to be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 GodsGift Uzor , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

The rapid deployment of large language models (LLMs) in consumer applications has led to frequent exchanges of personal information. To obtain useful responses, users often share more than necessary, increasing privacy risks via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jijie Zhou , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Tianshi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance and received significant research interest. The enormous computational demands, however, hinder the local deployment on devices with limited resources. The current prevalent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yujie Gu , Richeng Jin , Xiaoyu Ji , Yier Jin , Wenyuan Xu

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in personalized tasks involving sensitive, context-dependent information, where privacy violations may arise in agents' action due to the implicitness of contextual privacy.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuhan Cheng , Hancheng Ye , Hai Helen Li , Jingwei Sun , Yiran Chen

SpeechLLMs are increasingly deployed in professional settings where domain customisation is standard practice: users supply context in prompts with sensitive information, fine-tune on proprietary recordings, or both. We identify and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Maike Züfle , Jan Niehues

As Large Language Models (LLMs) proliferate, developing privacy safeguards for these models is crucial. One popular safeguard involves training LLMs in a differentially private manner. However, such solutions are shown to be computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 James Flemings , Meisam Razaviyayn , Murali Annavaram

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in fields such as finance, education, and governance due to their ability to generate human-like text and adapt to specialized tasks. However, their widespread adoption raises critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yu Wang , Cailing Cai , Zhihua Xiao , Peifung E. Lam

System prompts are critical for guiding the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet they often contain proprietary logic or sensitive information, making them a prime target for extraction attacks. Adversarial queries can successfully…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Huseein Jawad , Nicolas Brunel

Privacy policies are often obfuscated by their complexity, which impedes transparency and informed consent. Conventional machine learning approaches for automatically analyzing these policies demand significant resources and substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Arda Goknil , Femke B. Gelderblom , Simeon Tverdal , Shukun Tokas , Hui Song

Conversational agents are increasingly woven into individuals' personal lives, yet users often underestimate the privacy risks associated with them. The moment users share information with these agents-such as large language models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ivoline Ngong , Swanand Kadhe , Hao Wang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Justin D. Weisz , Amit Dhurandhar , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy

In-context learning has established itself as an important learning paradigm for Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we demonstrate that LLMs can learn encoding keys in-context and perform analysis directly on encoded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Andresa Rodrigues de Campos , David Lee , Imry Kissos , Piyush Paritosh

Coding agents and LLM-powered applications routinely send potentially sensitive content to cloud LLM APIs where it may be logged, retained, used for training, or subpoenaed. Existing privacy tooling focuses on network-level encryption and…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains such as enterprise and government, ensuring that they adhere to user-defined security policies within context is critical-especially with respect to information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Hwan Chang , Yumin Kim , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise for advancing legal practice by automating complex tasks and improving access to justice. However, their adoption is limited by concerns over client confidentiality, especially when lawyers include…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 M. Mikail Demir , Hakan T. Otal , M. Abdullah Canbaz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by conditioning outputs on external knowledge sources. However, when retrieval involves private or sensitive data, RAG systems are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Haoran Wang , Xiongxiao Xu , Baixiang Huang , Kai Shu

With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Cornelius Kummer , Lena Jurkschat , Michael Färber , Sahar Vahdati
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