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KV cache has traditionally been stored in GPU memory to accelerate the decoding phase of large language model (LLM) inference. However, it is increasingly necessary to move KV caches outside GPU devices, to enable cache reuse across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Yuhan Liu , Yihua Cheng , Jiayi Yao , Yuwei An , Xiaokun Chen , Shaoting Feng , Yuyang Huang , Samuel Shen , Rui Zhang , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang

KV caches, typically used only to speed up autoregressive decoding, encode contextual information that can be reused for downstream tasks at no extra cost. We propose treating the KV cache as a lightweight representation, eliminating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zeyu Xing , Xing Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Sinno Jialin Pan

Efficient multi-hop reasoning requires Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents to acquire high-value external knowledge iteratively. Previous work has explored reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLMs to perform search-based document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ziliang Wang , Xuhui Zheng , Kang An , Cijun Ouyang , Jialu Cai , Yuhang Wang , Yichao Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have excelled in various applications, yet serving them at scale is challenging due to their substantial resource demands and high latency. Our real-world studies reveal that over 70% of user requests to LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yifan Yu , Yu Gan , Nikhil Sarda , Lillian Tsai , Jiaming Shen , Yanqi Zhou , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Fan Lai , Henry M. Levy , David Culler

Large language models frequently commit unrecoverable reasoning errors mid-generation: once a wrong step is taken, subsequent tokens compound the mistake rather than correct it. We introduce $\textbf{Latent Phase-Shift Rollback}$ (LPSR): at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Manan Gupta , Dhruv Kumar

Prefix caching is a key latency optimization for autoregressive LLM serving, yet existing systems assume dense per-token key/value reuse. State-space models change the structure of the problem: a recurrent layer can resume from a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mikhail Shirokikh , Sergey Nikolenko

Diffusion models suffer from substantial computational overhead due to their inherently iterative inference process. While feature caching offers a promising acceleration strategy by reusing intermediate outputs across timesteps, naive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Xurui Peng , Chenqian Yan , Hong Liu , Rui Ma , Fangmin Chen , Xing Wang , Zhihua Wu , Songwei Liu , Mingbao Lin

In this paper, we propose a practical and effective approach allowing designers to optimize multi-level cache size at the early system design phase. Our key contribution is to generalize the reuse distance analysis method and develop an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Cheng-Lin Tsai , Ren-Song Tsay

The growing complexity of LLM usage today, e.g., multi-round conversation and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), makes contextual states (i.e., KV cache) reusable across user requests. Given the capacity constraints of GPU memory, only a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shiwei Gao , Youmin Chen , Jiwu Shu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in numerous applications requiring robust long-range capabilities, essential for processing extensive input contexts and continuously generating extended outputs. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Dachuan Shi , Yonggan Fu , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhongzhi Yu , Haoran You , Sixu Li , Xin Dong , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan , Lin

We present MeanCache, a training-free caching framework for efficient Flow Matching inference. Existing caching methods reduce redundant computation but typically rely on instantaneous velocity information (e.g., feature caching), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Huanlin Gao , Ping Chen , Fuyuan Shi , Ruijia Wu , Li YanTao , Qiang Hui , Yuren You , Ting Lu , Chao Tan , Shaoan Zhao , Zhaoxiang Liu , Fang Zhao , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

In the field of instruction-following large vision-language models (LVLMs), the efficient deployment of these models faces challenges, notably due to the high memory demands of their key-value (KV) caches. Conventional cache management…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Zuyan Liu , Benlin Liu , Jiahui Wang , Yuhao Dong , Guangyi Chen , Yongming Rao , Ranjay Krishna , Jiwen Lu

High computational costs and slow inference hinder the practical application of video generation models. While prior works accelerate the generation process through feature caching, they often suffer from notable quality degradation. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jiangshan Wang , Kang Zhao , Jiayi Guo , Jiayu Wang , Hang Guo , Chenyang Zhu , Xiu Li , Xiangyu Yue

Modern retrieval-augmented generation(RAG) deployments increasingly rely on caching to reduce token cost and time-to-first-token(TTFT). Prefix-level KV reuse is now standard in serving stacks such as vLLM, and chunk-level and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Syed Huma Shah

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating supplementary retrieved documents, enabling more accurate and context-aware responses. However, integrating these external…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenfeng Wang , Xiaofeng Hou , Peng Tang , Hengyi Zhou , Jing Wang , Xinkai Wang , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been extensively used as a de facto paradigm in various large language model (LLM)-driven applications on mobile devices, such as mobile assistants leveraging personal emails or meeting records.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kaiwei Liu , Liekang Zeng , Lilin Xu , Bufang Yang , Zhenyu Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Llama have revolutionized natural language processing and search engine dynamics. However, these models incur exceptionally high computational costs. For instance, GPT-3 consists of 175 billion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Waris Gill , Mohamed Elidrisi , Pallavi Kalapatapu , Ammar Ahmed , Ali Anwar , Muhammad Ali Gulzar

High load latency that results from deep cache hierarchies and relatively slow main memory is an important limiter of single-thread performance. Data prefetch helps reduce this latency by fetching data up the hierarchy before it is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Majid Jalili , Mattan Erez

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) serving systems commonly employ KV-cache compression to reduce memory footprint. However, existing compression methods introduce significant processing overhead and queuing delays, particularly in…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jianian Zhu , Hang Wu , Haojie Wang , Yinghui Li , Biao Hou , Ruixuan Li , Jidong Zhai

We present ConvoCache, a conversational caching system that solves the problem of slow and expensive generative AI models in spoken chatbots. ConvoCache finds a semantically similar prompt in the past and reuses the response. In this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Conor Atkins , Ian Wood , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Hassan Asghar , Nardine Basta , Michal Kepkowski