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Private data, being larger and quality-higher than public data, can greatly improve large language models (LLM). However, due to privacy concerns, this data is often dispersed in multiple silos, making its secure utilization for LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 JiaYing Zheng , HaiNan Zhang , LingXiang Wang , WangJie Qiu , HongWei Zheng , ZhiMing Zheng

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising paradigm for training Large Language Models (LLMs) in a decentralized manner while preserving data privacy and minimizing communication overhead. This survey examines recent advancements in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Youyang Qu , Ming Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Longxiang Gao , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Federated learning (FL) is a promising and powerful approach for training deep learning models without sharing the raw data of clients. During the training process of FL, the central server and distributed clients need to exchange a vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Zhefeng Qiao , Xianghao Yu , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Federated learning (FL) provides a distributed learning framework for multiple participants to collaborate learning without sharing raw data. In many practical FL scenarios, participants have heterogeneous resources due to disparities in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Junyuan Hong , Haotao Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiayu Zhou

Federated fine-tuning is critical for improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) in handling domain-specific tasks while keeping training data decentralized and private. However, prior work has shown that clients' private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jianmin Liu , Li Yan , Borui Li , Lei Yu , Chao Shen

Federated Learning (FL) aims to train high-quality models in collaboration with distributed clients while not uploading their local data, which attracts increasing attention in both academia and industry. However, there is still a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Daoyuan Chen , Dawei Gao , Yuexiang Xie , Xuchen Pan , Zitao Li , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

We describe KVLink, an approach for efficient key-value (KV) cache reuse in large language models (LLMs). In many LLM applications, different inputs can share overlapping context, such as the same retrieved document appearing in multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jingbo Yang , Bairu Hou , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao , Shiyu Chang

As the demand grows for scalable and privacy-aware AI systems, Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising solution, allowing decentralized model training without moving raw data. At the same time, the combination of high-performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sangam Ghimire , Paribartan Timalsina , Nirjal Bhurtel , Bishal Neupane , Bigyan Byanju Shrestha , Subarna Bhattarai , Prajwal Gaire , Jessica Thapa , Sudan Jha

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across various application domains, but their enormous sizes and computational demands pose significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. To…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Kai Zhang , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

On-device LLMs have gained increasing attention for their ability to enhance privacy and provide a personalized user experience. To facilitate private learning with scarce data, Federated Learning has become a standard approach. However, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dongyang Fan , Bettina Messmer , Nikita Doikov , Martin Jaggi

While federated learning (FL) enables fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) without compromising data privacy, the substantial size of an LLM renders on-device training impractical for resource-constrained clients, such as mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zihan Fang , Zheng Lin , Senkang Hu , Yanan Ma , Yihang Tao , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Federated recommendations leverage the federated learning (FL) techniques to make privacy-preserving recommendations. Though recent success in the federated recommender system, several vital challenges remain to be addressed: (i) The…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Sichun Luo , Yuanzhang Xiao , Yang Liu , Congduan Li , Linqi Song

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates collaborative training of a shared global model without exposing clients' private data. In practical FL systems, clients (e.g., edge servers, smartphones, and wearables) typically have disparate system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Leming Shen , Qiang Yang , Kaiyan Cui , Yuanqing Zheng , Xiao-Yong Wei , Jianwei Liu , Jinsong Han

Large pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), have exhibited remarkable zero-shot performance across various image classification tasks. Fine-tuning these models on domain-specific…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mengjun Yi , Hanwen Zhang , Hui Dou , Jian Zhao , Furao Shen

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed devices without sharing raw data, but applying FL to multi-modal settings introduces significant challenges. Clients typically possess heterogeneous modalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Mohamed Badi , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Mehdi Bennis

Federated learning (FL) is a kind of distributed machine learning framework, where the global model is generated on the centralized aggregation server based on the parameters of local models, addressing concerns about privacy leakage caused…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chenhao Xu , Youyang Qu , Yong Xiang , Longxiang Gao

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm where clients collaboratively train a model while keeping their own data private. With an increasing scale of clients and models, FL encounters two key challenges, client drift due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jianhui Sun , Xidong Wu , Heng Huang , Aidong Zhang

Federated learning (FL) has prevailed as an efficient and privacy-preserved scheme for distributed learning. In this work, we mainly focus on the optimization of computation and communication in FL from a view of pruning. By adopting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Zheqi Zhu , Yuchen Shi , Jiajun Luo , Fei Wang , Chenghui Peng , Pingyi Fan , Khaled B. Letaief

With the increasing prevalence of mental health conditions worldwide, AI-powered chatbots and conversational agents have emerged as accessible tools to support mental health. However, deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in mental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Nobin Sarwar