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In mobile edge computing (MEC) networks, mobile users generate diverse machine learning tasks dynamically over time. These tasks are typically offloaded to the nearest available edge server, by considering communication and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hongbo Li , Lingjie Duan

The relentless scaling of deep learning models has led to unsustainable computational demands, positioning Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures as a promising path towards greater efficiency. However, MoE models are plagued by two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Anzhe Cheng , Shukai Duan , Shixuan Li , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Shahin Nazarian , Paul Thompson , Paul Bogdan

This paper presents a novel extension of neural scaling laws to Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, focusing on the optimal allocation of compute between expert and attention sub-layers. As MoE architectures have emerged as an efficient method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Junzhuo Li , Peijie Jiang , Changxin Tian , Jia Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Xuming Hu

ExpertRAG is a novel theoretical framework that integrates Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) to advance the efficiency and accuracy of knowledge-intensive language modeling. We propose a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Esmail Gumaan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a key strategy for scaling large language models (LLMs) efficiently. However, current MoE systems suffer from severe load imbalance, where only a small subset of experts is consistently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jiajie Yang

MoE-PEFT methods combine Mixture of Experts with parameter-efficient fine-tuning for multi-task adaptation, but require separate adapters per expert causing trainable parameters to scale linearly with expert count and limiting applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Md Kowsher , Haris Mansoor , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Ozlem Garibay , Victor Zhu , Zhengping Ji , Chen Chen

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the rising computational costs of large language models (LLMs) by selectively activating parameters. However, its high memory requirements and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jehyeon Bang , Eunyeong Cho , Ranggi Hwang , Jinha Chung , Minsoo Rhu

Mixture of experts has emerged as the primary mechanism for making Large Language Models (LLMs) computationally efficient. However, in distributed settings, communicating token embeddings between experts is a significant bottleneck. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Muhammad Shahir Abdurrahman , Chun Deng , Azalia Mirhoseini , Philip Levis

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained significant attention in deep learning due to their dynamic resource allocation and superior performance across diverse tasks. However, efficiently training these models remains challenging.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Junfeng Ran , Guangxiang Zhao , Yuhan Wu , Dawei Zhu , Longyun Wu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Sujian Li

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture of large language models (LLMs) confronts an inherent issue of load imbalance arising from the simplistic linear router strategy, which ultimately causes the instability and inefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ting Bai , Yue Yu , Le Huang , Zenan Xu , Chuan Shi

Scaling the size of language models usually leads to remarkable advancements in NLP tasks. But it often comes with a price of growing computational cost. Although a sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) can reduce the cost by activating a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shwai He , Run-Ze Fan , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks, and their application in edge scenarios has attracted significant attention. However, sparse-activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, which are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Zhiyuan Fang , Zicong Hong , Yuegui Huang , Yufeng Lyu , Wuhui Chen , Yue Yu , Fan Yu , Zibin Zheng

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) based large language models (LLMs), such as the recent Mixtral and DeepSeek-MoE, have shown great promise in scaling model size without suffering from the quadratic growth of training cost of dense transformers. Like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Longfei Yun , Yonghao Zhuang , Yao Fu , Eric P Xing , Hao Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers are increasingly central to frontier model architectures. By selectively activating parameters, they reduce computational cost while scaling total parameter count. This paper investigates the impact of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Enric Boix-Adsera , Philippe Rigollet

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are increasingly adopted in large language models (LLMs) for their scalability and efficiency. However, their modular structure introduces a unique vulnerability: adversaries can attempt to compress or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Pinaki Prasad Guha Neogi , Ahmad Mohammadshirazi , Dheeraj Kulshrestha , Rajiv Ramnath

Mixture of experts (MoE) is a popular technique to improve capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with conditionally-activated parallel experts. However, serving MoE models on memory-constrained devices is challenging due to the large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Rui Kong , Yuanchun Li , Qingtian Feng , Weijun Wang , Xiaozhou Ye , Ye Ouyang , Linghe Kong , Yunxin Liu

Mixture-of-Experts layers achieve compute efficiency through weight sparsity: each token activates only a subset of experts. Data sparsity, where each expert processes only a subset of tokens, offers a complementary axis. Expert-choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Maciej Kilian , Oleg Mkrtchyan , Luke Zettlemoyer , Akshat Shrivastava , Armen Aghajanyan

This paper introduces a theoretical framework for a Transformer-augmented, sectional Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture that aims to enhance computational efficiency while preserving model scalability. Unlike conventional MoE models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Soham Sane

Intelligent fault-tolerant (FT) computing has recently demonstrated significant advantages in predicting and diagnosing faults proactively, thereby ensuring reliable service delivery. However, due to the heterogeneity of fault knowledge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Wenjing Xiao , Wenhao Song , Miaojiang Chen , Min Chen

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has become a predominant paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs). Despite offering strong performance and computational efficiency, large MoE-based LLMs like DeepSeek-V3-0324 and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xiaodong Chen , Mingming Ha , Zhenzhong Lan , Jing Zhang , Jianguo Li