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The automotive industry is experiencing a massive paradigm shift. Cars are becoming increasingly autonomous, connected, and computerized. Modern electrical/electronic (E/E) architectures are pushing for an unforeseen functionality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Sandro Pinto , Jose Martins , Manuel Rodriguez , Luis Cunha , Georg Schmalz , Uwe Moslehner , Kai Dieffenbach , Thomas Roecker

CIRCT, an open-source EDA framework akin to LLVM for software, is a foundation for various hardware description languages. Despite its crucial role, CIRCT's lack of formal semantics challenges necessary rigorous hardware verification. Thus,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jianhong Zhao , Jinhui Kang , Yongwang Zhao

The RISC-V Vector Extension~(RVV) is a cornerstone for supporting compute throughout in scientific and machine learning workloads. Yet compiler support and performance monitoring on real RVV~1.0 hardware are still evolving. In this work, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruimin Shi , Maya Gokhale , Pei-Hung Lin , Xavier Teruel , Ivy Peng

The limited energy available in most embedded systems poses a significant challenge in enhancing the performance of embedded processors and microcontrollers. One promising approach to address this challenge is the use of approximate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Arvin Delavari , Faraz Ghoreishy , Hadi Shahriar Shahhoseini , Sattar Mirzakuchaki

Owing to the failure of Dennard's scaling the last decade has seen a steep growth of prominent new paradigms leveraging opportunities in computer architecture. Two technologies of interest are Posit and RISC-V. Posit was introduced in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Sugandha Tiwari , Neel Gala , Chester Rebeiro , V. Kamakoti

Endpoint devices for Internet-of-Things not only need to work under extremely tight power envelope of a few milliwatts, but also need to be flexible in their computing capabilities, from a few kOPS to GOPS. Near-threshold(NT) operation can…

Modern processors are increasingly featuring multiple cores, as well as support for hardware virtualization. While these processors are common in desktop and server-class computing, they are less prevalent in embedded and real-time systems.…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2013-10-25 Richard West , Ye Li , Eric Missimer

Low-power operating system runtimes used on IoT microcontrollers typically provide rudimentary APIs, basic connectivity and, sometimes, a (secure) firmware update mechanism. In contrast, on less constrained hardware, networked software has…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Koen Zandberg , Emmanuel Baccelli , Shenghao Yuan , Frédéric Besson , Jean-Pierre Talpin

Flexible electronics offer unique advantages for conformable, lightweight, and disposable healthcare wearables. However, their limited gate count, large feature sizes, and high static power consumption make on-body machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Theofanis Vergos , Polykarpos Vergos , Mehdi B. Tahoori , Georgios Zervakis

Ensuring a continuous and growing influx of skilled chip designers and a smooth path from education to innovation are key goals for several national and international "Chips Acts". Silicon democratization can greatly benefit from end-to-end…

Resource-limited robots face significant challenges in executing computationally intensive tasks, such as locomotion and manipulation, particularly for real-time optimal control algorithms like Model Predictive Control (MPC). This paper…

Vortex, a newly proposed open-source GPGPU platform based on the RISC-V ISA, offers a valid alternative for GPGPU research over the broadly-used modeling platforms based on commercial GPUs. Similarly to the push originating from the RISC-V…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Giuseppe M. Sarda , Nimish Shah , Abubakr Nada , Debjyoti Bhattacharjee , Marian Verhelst

Speculative attacks are still an active threat today that, even if initially focused on the x86 platform, reach across all modern hardware architectures. RISC-V is a newly proposed open instruction set architecture that has seen traction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Ruxandra Bălucea , Paul Irofti

In the past decades, there has been a significant increase in sensor density and sensor deployment, driven by a significant miniaturization and decrease in size down to the chip level, addressing ubiquitous computing, edge computing, as…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Stefan Bosse , Sarah Bornemann , Björn Lüssem

In this work, we present X-HEEP, an open-source, configurable, and extendible RISC-V platform for ultra-low-power edge applications (TinyAI). X-HEEP features the eXtendible Accelerator InterFace (XAIF), which enables seamless integration of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Simone Machetti , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Giovanni Ansaloni , Miguel Peón-Quirós , David Atienza

The new open and royalty-free RISC-V ISA is attracting interest across the whole computing continuum, from microcontrollers to supercomputers. High-performance RISC-V processors and accelerators have been announced, but RISC-V-based HPC…

RISC-V is an open instruction set architecture recently developed for embedded real-time systems. To achieve a lasting security on these systems and design efficient countermeasures, a better understanding of vulnerabilities to novel and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Olivier Gilles , Franck Viguier , Nikolai Kosmatov , Daniel Gracia Pérez

This report makes the case that a well-designed Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) can match, and even exceed, the performance and code density of existing commercial Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC) while maintaining the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Christopher Celio , Palmer Dabbelt , David A. Patterson , Krste Asanović

The RVfpga course offers a solid introduction to computer architecture using the RISC-V instruction set and FPGA technology. It focuses on providing hands-on experience with real-world RISC-V cores, the VeeR EH1 and the VeeR EL2, developed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 D. Chaver , S. Harris , L. Pinuel , O. Kindgren , R. Kravitz , J. I. Gomez , F. Castro , K. Olcoz , J. Villalba , A. Grinshpun , F. Gabbay , L. Seed , R. Duarte , M. Lopez , O. Alonso , R. Owen

IoT applications span a wide range in performance and memory footprint, under tight cost and power constraints. High-end applications rely on power-hungry Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) featuring powerful processors, large LPDDR/DDR3/4/5 memories,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Luca Valente , Yvan Tortorella , Mattia Sinigaglia , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Alessandro Capotondi , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi