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Quantum metrology is a promising practical use case for quantum technologies, where physical quantities can be measured with unprecedented precision. In lieu of quantum error correction procedures, near term quantum devices are expected to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-03 Yingkai Ouyang , Nathan Shettell , Damian Markham

Quantum computers can exploit a Hilbert space whose dimension increases exponentially with the number of qubits. In experiment, quantum supremacy has recently been achieved by the Google team by using a noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Suguru Endo , Zhenyu Cai , Simon C. Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

Quantum programs exhibit inherent non-deterministic behavior, which poses more significant challenges for error discovery compared to classical programs. While several testing methods have been proposed for quantum programs, they often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Peixun Long , Jianjun Zhao

Quantum computing will change the way we tackle certain problems. It promises to dramatically speed-up many chemical, financial, and machine-learning applications. However, to capitalize on those promises, complex design flows composed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

This work studies the feasibility of applying quantum kernel methods to a real consumer classification task in the NISQ regime. We present a hybrid pipeline that combines a quantum-kernel Support Vector Machine (Q-SVM) with a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Laura Sáez-Ortuño , Santiago Forgas-Coll , Massimiliano Ferrara

Understanding and controlling engineered quantum systems is key to developing practical quantum technology. However, given the current technological limitations, such as fabrication imperfections and environmental noise, this is not always…

Quantum machine learning has the potential to provide powerful algorithms for artificial intelligence. The pursuit of quantum advantage in quantum machine learning is an active area of research. For current noisy, intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Rui Yang , Samuel Bosch , Bobak Kiani , Seth Lloyd , Adrian Lupascu

As with classical neural networks, quantum machine learning (QML) models are vulnerable to small input perturbations that can significantly alter output predictions. Certifying the robustness of QML models, particularly on NISQ hardware, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ji Guan , Mingsheng Ying

We propose to analyse quantum protocols by applying formal verification techniques developed in classical computing for the analysis of communicating concurrent systems. One area of successful application of these techniques is that of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rajagopal Nagarajan , Simon Gay

In this perspective we discuss verification of quantum devices in the context of specific examples, formulated as proposed experiments. Our first example is verification of analog quantum simulators as Hamiltonian learning, where the input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-12 Jose Carrasco , Andreas Elben , Christian Kokail , Barbara Kraus , Peter Zoller

Quantum computing has made remarkable strides in recent years, as demonstrated by quantum supremacy experiments and the realization of high-fidelity, fault-tolerant gates. However, a major obstacle persists: practical real-world…

Quantum computers are expected to offer substantial speedups over their classical counterparts and to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. Beyond such practical significance, the concept of quantum computation opens…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-13 Stefanie Barz , Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi , Philip Walther

Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

A key component of a quantum machine learning model operating on classical inputs is the design of an embedding circuit mapping inputs to a quantum state. This paper studies a transfer learning setting in which classical-to-quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-01 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

A proof of quantumness (PoQ) allows a classical verifier to efficiently test if a quantum machine is performing a computation that is infeasible for any classical machine. In this work, we propose a new approach for constructing PoQ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Giulio Malavolta , Tamer Mour

The rapid progress in quantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML) has attracted growing attention, prompting extensive research into quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms to solve diverse and complex problems. Designing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Huan-Hsin Tseng , Hsin-Yi Lin , Shinjae Yoo

Quantum computing devices are inevitably subject to errors. To leverage quantum technologies for computational benefits in practical applications, quantum algorithms and protocols must be implemented reliably under noise and imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-18 Jihye Kim , Byungdu Oh , Yonuk Chong , Euyheon Hwang , Daniel K. Park

Implementing many important sub-circuits on near-term quantum devices remains a challenge due to the high levels of noise and the prohibitive depth on standard nearest-neighbour topologies. Overcoming these barriers will likely require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Angus Mingare , Anastasia Moroz , Marcell D Kovacs , Andrew G Green

Quantum computing hardware has grown sufficiently complex that it often can no longer be simulated by classical computers, but its computational power remains limited by errors. These errors corrupt the results of quantum algorithms, and it…

We propose a simple scheme to reduce readout errors in experiments on quantum systems with finite number of measurement outcomes. Our method relies on performing classical post-processing which is preceded by Quantum Detector Tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Filip B. Maciejewski , Zoltán Zimborás , Michał Oszmaniec