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The evolution of quantum computers poses a serious threat to contemporary public-key encryption (PKE) schemes. To address this impending issue, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently undertaking the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Mohammad Reza Nosouhi , Syed W. Shah , Lei Pan , Yevhen Zolotavkin , Ashish Nanda , Praveen Gauravaram , Robin Doss

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide information theoretically secure key exchange even in the era of quantum computer. However, QKD requires the classical channel to be authenticated, and the current method is pre-sharing symmetric…

Federated learning (FL) has become one of the standard approaches for deploying machine learning models on edge devices, where private training data are distributed across clients, and a shared model is learned by aggregating locally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Pingzhi Li , Tianlong Chen , Junyu Liu

In this article, we investigate the cost-effective 5G-enabled vehicular networks to support emerging vehicular applications, such as autonomous driving, in-car infotainment and location-based road services. To this end, self-sustaining…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Shan Zhang , Ning Zhang , Xiaojie Fang , Peng Yang , Xuemin , Shen

Two enablers of the 5th Generation (5G) of mobile communication systems are the high data rates achievable with millimeter-wave radio signals and the cloudification of the network's mobile edge, made possible also by Multi-access Edge…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Nicola di Pietro , Mattia Merluzzi , Emilio Calvanese Strinati , Sergio Barbarossa

The fifth-generation (5G) of mobile standards is expected to provide ultra-reliability and low-latency communications (URLLC) for various applications and services, such as online gaming, wireless industrial control, augmented reality, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Faisal Nadeem , Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam , Yonghui Li , Branka Vucetic

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) attempts to find cryptographic protocols resistant to attacks using for instance Shor's polynomial time algorithm for numerical field problems like integer factorization (IFP) or the discrete logarithm (DLP).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Pedro Hecht

Given the widespread use of cryptography in Enterprise IT, migration to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is not drop-in replacement at all. Cryptographic agility, or crypto-agility, is a design feature that enables seamless updates to new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jihoon Cho , Changhoon Lee , Eunkyung Kim , Jieun Lee , Beumjin Cho

Since the security of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms is based on the hardness of mathematical problems, while the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the fundamental principles of quantum physics, each approach…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Abel C. H. Chen

Security of currently deployed public key cryptography algorithms is foreseen to be vulnerable against quantum computer attacks. Hence, a community effort exists to develop post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms, i.e., algorithms that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Malik Imran , Zain Ul Abideen , Samuel Pagliarini

With the rapid advancements in quantum computing, traditional cryptographic schemes like Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) are becoming vulnerable, necessitating the development of quantum-resistant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Omar Alnaseri , Yassine Himeur , Shadi Atalla , Wathiq Mansoor

The sharing of mobile network infrastructure has become a key topic with the introduction of 5G due to the high costs of deploying such infrastructures, with neutral host models coupled with features such as network function virtualization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Joao P. Ferreira , Vinicius C. Ferreira , Sergio L. Nogueira , Joao M. Faria , Jose A. Afonso

This paper presents SNOW-SCA, the first power side-channel analysis (SCA) attack of a 5G mobile communication security standard candidate, SNOW-V, running on a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller. First, we perform a generic known-key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Harshit Saurabh , Anupam Golder , Samarth Shivakumar Titti , Suparna Kundu , Chaoyun Li , Angshuman Karmakar , Debayan Das

The increasing reliance on AI-driven 5G/6G network infrastructures for mission-critical services highlights the need for reliability and resilience against sophisticated cyber-physical threats. These networks are highly exposed to novel…

Given the indispensable need for a reliable network architecture to cope with 5G networks, 3GPP introduced a covet technology dubbed 5G Service Based Architecture (5G-SBA). Meanwhile, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) combined with SBA…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-20 R. A. Addad , D. L. C. Dutra , M. Bagaa , T. Taleb , H. Flinck

Simultaneous quantum-classical communication (SQCC) protocols offer a practical approach to continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) by encoding quantum and classical signals onto the same optical pulse. However, like most QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Ozlem Erkilic , Biveen Shajilal , Nicholas Zaunders , Timothy C. Ralph

The ever-increasing demand for intelligent, automated, and connected mobility solutions pushes for the development of an innovative sixth Generation (6G) of cellular networks. A radical transformation on the physical layer of vehicular…

An important ingredient of the future 5G systems will be Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC). A way to offer URLLC without intervention in the baseband/PHY layer design is to use interface diversity and integrate multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Jimmy J. Nielsen , Rongkuan Liu , Petar Popovski

We present a layered and modular network architecture that combines Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to provide scalable end-to-end security across long distance multi-hop, trusted-node quantum networks. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Paul Spooren , Andreas Neuhold , Sebastian Ramacher , Thomas Hühn

5G has been designed to support applications such as connected and automated driving. To this aim, 5G includes a highly flexible New Radio (NR) interface that can be configured to utilize different subcarrier spacings (SCS), slot durations,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-02 M. C. Lucas-Estañ , B. Coll-Perales , T. Shimizu , J. Gozalvez , T. Higuchi , S. Avedisov , O. Altintas , M. Sepulcre