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Scaled Outer Product (SOP) is a post-training quantization methodology for large language model weights, designed to deliver near-lossless fidelity at 4.5--6 bits per weight on hardware with per-layer LUT decode. The methodology combines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Earl Killian

Numerical methods for obtaining exact dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems are mostly limited to either small systems or to short-time evolution only. Here, we propose a new algorithm for computing process tensors--matrix product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Émile Cochin , Jonathan Keeling , Brendon W. Lovett , Alex W. Chin

Fine-tuning language models (LMs) has yielded success on diverse downstream tasks, but as LMs grow in size, backpropagation requires a prohibitively large amount of memory. Zeroth-order (ZO) methods can in principle estimate gradients using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Sadhika Malladi , Tianyu Gao , Eshaan Nichani , Alex Damian , Jason D. Lee , Danqi Chen , Sanjeev Arora

End-to-end multilingual speech recognition involves using a single model training on a compositional speech corpus including many languages, resulting in a single neural network to handle transcribing different languages. Due to the fact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Ngoc-Quan Pham , Tuan-Nam Nguyen , Sebastian Stueker , Alexander Waibel

Fine-tuned transformer models have shown superior performances in many natural language tasks. However, the large model size prohibits deploying high-performance transformer models on resource-constrained devices. This paper proposes a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zi Yang , Samridhi Choudhary , Siegfried Kunzmann , Zheng Zhang

In this paper, a fully compressed pattern matching problem is studied. The compression is represented by straight-line programs (SLPs), i.e. a context-free grammars generating exactly one string; the term fully means that both the pattern…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-06-26 Artur Jeż

Tensor decompositions are promising tools for big data analytics as they bring multiple modes and aspects of data to a unified framework, which allows us to discover complex internal structures and correlations of data. Unfortunately most…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2014-12-30 Guoxu Zhou , Andrzej Cichocki , Shengli Xie

High-dimensional sparse data emerge in many critical application domains such as healthcare and cybersecurity. To extract meaningful insights from massive volumes of these multi-dimensional data, scientists employ unsupervised analysis…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jan Laukemann , Ahmed E. Helal , S. Isaac Geronimo Anderson , Fabio Checconi , Yongseok Soh , Jesmin Jahan Tithi , Teresa Ranadive , Brian J Gravelle , Fabrizio Petrini , Jee Choi

Adapting large-scale pretrained language models to downstream tasks via fine-tuning is the standard method for achieving state-of-the-art performance on NLP benchmarks. However, fine-tuning all weights of models with millions or billions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Rabeeh Karimi Mahabadi , James Henderson , Sebastian Ruder

Due to their substantial sizes, large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed within a single-backbone multi-tenant framework. In this setup, a single instance of an LLM backbone must cater to multiple users or tasks through the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Tianfang Xie , Tianjing Li , Wei Zhu , Wei Han , Yi Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are computationally intensive. The computation workload and the memory footprint grow quadratically with the dimension (layer width). Most of LLMs' parameters come from the linear layers of the transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Xiao-Yang Liu , Jie Zhang , Guoxuan Wang , Weiqing Tong , Anwar Walid

Identification of the optimal quantum metrological protocols in realistic many particle quantum models is in general a challenge that cannot be efficiently addressed by the state-of-the-art numerical and analytical methods. Here we provide…

Most recent studies on deep learning based speech enhancement (SE) focused on improving denoising performance. However, successful SE applications require striking a desirable balance between denoising performance and computational cost in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-08 Jyun-Yi Wu , Cheng Yu , Szu-Wei Fu , Chih-Ting Liu , Shao-Yi Chien , Yu Tsao

We study how much a linear program (LP) can be compressed when solved repeatedly, given prior knowledge about its objective function. Existing data-driven projection methods learn low-dimensional surrogate LPs with approximate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Yuhan Ye , Omar Bennouna

Transformer-based language models are applied to a wide range of applications in natural language processing. However, they are inefficient and difficult to deploy. In recent years, many compression algorithms have been proposed to increase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Ofir Zafrir , Ariel Larey , Guy Boudoukh , Haihao Shen , Moshe Wasserblat

Recurrent neural networks have proved to be an effective method for statistical language modeling. However, in practice their memory and run-time complexity are usually too large to be implemented in real-time offline mobile applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Artem M. Grachev , Dmitry I. Ignatov , Andrey V. Savchenko

Quantum computing is arguably one of the most revolutionary and disruptive technologies of this century. Due to the ever-increasing number of potential applications as well as the continuing rise in complexity, the development, simulation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-03 Patrick Gelß , Stefan Klus , Sebastian Knebel , Zarin Shakibaei , Sebastian Pokutta

Quantum Noise Characterization (QNC) is indispensable for benchmarking and mitigating errors in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. However, traditional Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) suffers from an exponential parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Xiangyu Ge , Shengmei Zhao , Le Wang , Anqi Zhang

Despite the efficacy of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), reward hacking remains a pivotal challenge. This issue emerges when LLMs excessively reduce the probability of rejected completions to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chenxu Yang , Ruipeng Jia , Mingyu Zheng , Naibin Gu , Zheng Lin , Siyuan Chen , Weichong Yin , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang

With the tremendous success of large transformer models in natural language understanding, down-sizing them for cost-effective deployments has become critical. Recent studies have explored the low-rank weight factorization techniques which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Rahul Chand , Yashoteja Prabhu , Pratyush Kumar
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