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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in vision--language tasks by pre-training solely on coarse-grained concept annotations (e.g., image captions). We hypothesize that integrating fine-grained concept annotations (e.g., object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xiao Xu , Tianhao Niu , Yuxi Xie , Libo Qin , Wanxiang Che , Min-Yen Kan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) combine visual and textual data for tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. Proper uncertainty calibration is crucial, yet challenging, for reliable use in areas like healthcare…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zijun Chen , Wenbo Hu , Guande He , Zhijie Deng , Zheng Zhang , Richang Hong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in representing and understanding diverse modalities. However, they typically focus on modality alignment in a pairwise manner while overlooking structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajin Liu , Dongzhe Fan , Jiacheng Shen , Chuanhao Ji , Daochen Zha , Qiaoyu Tan

Vision-language models (VLMs) allow to embed texts and images in a shared representation space. However, it has been shown that these models are subject to a modality gap phenomenon meaning there exists a clear separation between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 François Role , Sébastien Meyer , Victor Amblard

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that directly process RGB inputs for tasks like 3D localization and navigation have shown remarkable potential. However, we argue that these RGB-only approaches are fundamentally flawed in their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Gongjie Zhang , Wenhao Li , Quanhao Qian , Jiuniu Wang , Deli Zhao , Shijian Lu , Ran Xu

Instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising zero-shot generalization capabilities across various downstream tasks. Recent research has introduced multimodal capabilities to LLMs by integrating independently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Utsav Garg , Erhan Bas

Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU) has become a pivotal area of research, driven by the need to automatically interpret documents that contain intricate visual, textual, and structural elements. Recently, Multimodal Large Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yihao Ding , Siwen Luo , Yue Dai , Yanbei Jiang , Zechuan Li , Qiang Sun , Geoffrey Martin , Wei Liu , Yifan Peng

The use of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in automated driving applications is becoming increasingly common, with the aim of leveraging their reasoning and generalisation capabilities to handle long tail scenarios. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nikos Theodoridis , Reenu Mohandas , Ganesh Sistu , Anthony Scanlan , Ciarán Eising , Tim Brophy

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have a significant impact on various tasks, due to their extensive knowledge and powerful perception and generation capabilities. However, it still remains an open research problem on applying MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Xiaoyu Jin , Yuan Shi , Bin Xia , Wenming Yang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities that increasingly influence various aspects of our daily lives, constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Image modalities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yihe Fan , Yuxin Cao , Ziyu Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Shaofeng Li

We provide a sober look at the application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in autonomous driving, challenging common assumptions about their ability to interpret dynamic driving scenarios. Despite advances in models like GPT-4o,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shiva Sreeram , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Alaa Maalouf , Guy Rosman , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) strive to achieve a profound, human-like understanding of and interaction with the physical world, but often exhibit a shallow and incoherent integration when acquiring information (Perception) and…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are susceptible to object hallucinations, an issue in which their generated text contains non-existent objects, greatly limiting their reliability and practicality. Current approaches often rely on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Ailin Deng , Zhirui Chen , Bryan Hooi

In this paper, we investigate the use of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for generating virtual activities, leveraging the integration of vision-language modalities to enable the interpretation of virtual environments. Our approach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Changyang Li , Qingan Yan , Minyoung Kim , Zhan Li , Yi Xu , Lap-Fai Yu

Humans interpret scenes by recognizing both the identities and positions of objects in their observations. For a robot to perform tasks such as \enquote{pick and place}, understanding both what the objects are and where they are located is…

Continual learning is essential for medical image classification systems to adapt to dynamically evolving clinical environments. The integration of multimodal information can significantly enhance continual learning of image classes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jiantao Tan , Peixian Ma , Kanghao Chen , Zhiming Dai , Ruixuan Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are changing how Blind and Low Vision (BLV) people access visual information. Unlike traditional visual interpretation tools that only provide descriptions, MLLM-enabled applications offer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ricardo E. Gonzalez Penuela , Crescentia Jung , Sharon Y Lin , Ruiying Hu , Shiri Azenkot

We introduce AmodalSVG, a new framework for amodal image vectorization that produces semantically organized and geometrically complete SVG representations from natural images. Existing vectorization methods operate under a modal paradigm:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Juncheng Hu , Ziteng Xue , Guotao Liang , Anran Qi , Buyu Li , Sheng Wang , Dong Xu , Qian Yu

The rapid development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled the integration of multiple modalities, including texts and images, within the large language model (LLM) framework. However, texts and images are usually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yi Fang , Bowen Jin , Jiacheng Shen , Sirui Ding , Qiaoyu Tan , Jiawei Han