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We study data corruption robustness for reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) in an offline setting. Given an offline dataset of pairs of trajectories along with feedback about human preferences, an $\varepsilon$-fraction of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Debmalya Mandal , Andi Nika , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Adish Singla , Goran Radanović

We investigate the problem of corruption robustness in offline reinforcement learning (RL) with general function approximation, where an adversary can corrupt each sample in the offline dataset, and the corruption level $\zeta\geq0$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Chenlu Ye , Rui Yang , Quanquan Gu , Tong Zhang

We study data corruption robustness in offline two-player zero-sum Markov games. Given a dataset of realized trajectories of two players, an adversary is allowed to modify an $\epsilon$-fraction of it. The learner's goal is to identify an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Andi Nika , Debmalya Mandal , Adish Singla , Goran Radanović

We investigate robustness to strong data corruption in offline sparse reinforcement learning (RL). In our setting, an adversary may arbitrarily perturb a fraction of the collected trajectories from a high-dimensional but sparse Markov…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Nam Phuong Tran , Andi Nika , Goran Radanovic , Long Tran-Thanh , Debmalya Mandal

We study the adversarial robustness in offline reinforcement learning. Given a batch dataset consisting of tuples $(s, a, r, s')$, an adversary is allowed to arbitrarily modify $\epsilon$ fraction of the tuples. From the corrupted dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Xuezhou Zhang , Yiding Chen , Jerry Zhu , Wen Sun

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the effects of noisy labels in offline alignment, with a focus on the interplay between privacy and robustness against adversarial corruption. Specifically, under linear modeling assumptions, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xingyu Zhou , Yulian Wu , Francesco Orabona

This paper studies Learning from Imperfect Human Feedback (LIHF), addressing the potential irrationality or imperfect perception when learning from comparative human feedback. Building on evidences that human's imperfection decays over time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yuwei Cheng , Fan Yao , Xuefeng Liu , Haifeng Xu

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) provides a principled framework for aligning AI systems with human preference data. For various reasons, e.g., personal bias, context ambiguity, lack of training, etc, human annotators may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Alexander Bukharin , Ilgee Hong , Haoming Jiang , Zichong Li , Qingru Zhang , Zixuan Zhang , Tuo Zhao

In this paper, we study the private and robust alignment of language models from a theoretical perspective by establishing upper bounds on the suboptimality gap in both offline and online settings. We consider preference labels subject to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Wenqian Weng , Yi He , Xingyu Zhou

In performative Reinforcement Learning (RL), an agent faces a policy-dependent environment: the reward and transition functions depend on the agent's policy. Prior work on performative RL has studied the convergence of repeated retraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Vasilis Pollatos , Debmalya Mandal , Goran Radanovic

This study tackles the challenges of adversarial corruption in model-based reinforcement learning (RL), where the transition dynamics can be corrupted by an adversary. Existing studies on corruption-robust RL mostly focus on the setting of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-23 Chenlu Ye , Jiafan He , Quanquan Gu , Tong Zhang

We study offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov games, where the goal is to learn an approximate equilibrium -- such as Nash equilibrium and (Coarse) Correlated Equilibrium -- from an offline dataset pre-collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuheng Zhang , Yu Bai , Nan Jiang

We develop a model selection approach to tackle reinforcement learning with adversarial corruption in both transition and reward. For finite-horizon tabular MDPs, without prior knowledge on the total amount of corruption, our algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chen-Yu Wei , Christoph Dann , Julian Zimmert

Real-world offline datasets are often subject to data corruptions (such as noise or adversarial attacks) due to sensor failures or malicious attacks. Despite advances in robust offline reinforcement learning (RL), existing methods struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Rui Yang , Jie Wang , Guoping Wu , Bin Li

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) presents a promising approach for learning reinforced policies from offline datasets without the need for costly or unsafe interactions with the environment. However, datasets collected by humans in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Rui Yang , Han Zhong , Jiawei Xu , Amy Zhang , Chongjie Zhang , Lei Han , Tong Zhang

This paper considers two fundamental sequential decision-making problems: the problem of prediction with expert advice and the multi-armed bandit problem. We focus on stochastic regimes in which an adversary may corrupt losses, and we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-24 Shinji Ito

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a challenging and active field of research due to the inherent nonstationary property and coupling between agents. A popular approach to modeling the multi-agent interactions underlying the multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jushan Chen , Santiago Paternain

We study the problem of robust reinforcement learning under adversarial corruption on both rewards and transitions. Our attack model assumes an \textit{adaptive} adversary who can arbitrarily corrupt the reward and transition at every step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Xuezhou Zhang , Yiding Chen , Xiaojin Zhu , Wen Sun

We initiate the study of multi-stage episodic reinforcement learning under adversarial corruptions in both the rewards and the transition probabilities of the underlying system extending recent results for the special case of stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Thodoris Lykouris , Max Simchowitz , Aleksandrs Slivkins , Wen Sun

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is vulnerable to real-world data corruption, with even robust algorithms failing under challenging observation and mixture corruptions. We posit this failure stems from data corruption creating sharp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Le Xu , Jiayu Chen
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