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We derive the gravitational waves for $f\left(T, B\right)$ gravity, an extension of teleparallel gravity containing the torsion scalar $T$ and the boundary term $B$, and demonstrate that it is equivalent to $f(R)$ gravity. Gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-18 Salvatore Capozziello , Maurizio Capriolo , Loredana Caso

We study the creation and evolution of cosmological perturbations in renormalizable quadratic gravity with a Weyl term. We adopt a prescription that implies the stability of the vacuum at the price of introducing a massive spin-two ghost…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-12-13 Mikhail M. Ivanov , Anna A. Tokareva

The direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) is an invaluable new tool to probe gravity and the nature of cosmic acceleration. A large class of scalar-tensor theories predict that GWs propagate with velocity different than the speed of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-19 Dario Bettoni , Jose María Ezquiaga , Kurt Hinterbichler , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Gravitational waves (GWs) have opened a new window on fundamental physics in a number of important ways. The next generation of GW detectors may reveal more information about the polarization structure of GWs. Additionally, there is growing…

It is investigated the gravitational waves phenomena in the geometric scalar theory of gravity (GSG), a class of theories such that gravity is described by a single scalar field. The associated physical metric describing the spacetime is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-16 Júnior Diniz Toniato

We investigate the gravitational waves phenomena in the geometric scalar theory of gravity (GSG) that belongs to a class of theories such that gravity is described by a single scalar field. The associated physical metric describing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-16 J. D. Toniato , M. Novello

General relativity predicts the existence of only two tensorial gravitational wave polarizations, while a generic metric theories of gravity can possess up to four additional polarizations, including two vector and two scalar ones. These…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-12 Shaoqi Hou , Xi-Long Fan , Tao Zhu , Zong-Hong Zhu

In a general metric theory of gravitation in four dimensions, six polarizations of a gravitational wave are allowed: two scalar and two vector modes, in addition to two tensor modes in general relativity. Such additional polarization modes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Atsushi Nishizawa , Atsushi Taruya , Kazuhiro Hayama , Seiji Kawamura , Masa-aki Sakagami

Rastall theory, originally introduced in 1972, suggests a violation of the usual conservation law. We consider two generalizations of Rastall theory: Brans-Dicke-Rastall theory and the newly established scalar-tensor-Rastall theory, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-08 Yu-Zhi Fan , Xiao-Bin Lai , Yu-Qi Dong , Yu-Xiao Liu

In this paper, we study the properties of gravitational waves in the scalar-tensor-vector gravity theory. The polarizations of the gravitational waves are investigated by analyzing the relative motion of the test particles. It is found that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-19 Yunqi Liu , Wei-Liang Qian , Yungui Gong , Bin Wang

We present a fully covariant and gauge-invariant analysis of linear cosmological perturbations in Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity. Working within the 1+3 formalism, we derive the exact propagation equations for scalar, vector, and tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-10 Peter K. S. Dunsby , Maria-Alexia Caldis , Eduardo Bittencourt

We investigate the different polarization modes of Gravitational Waves (GWs) in $f(R)$ gravity power law model in de Sitter space. It is seen that the massive scalar field polarization mode exists in this model. The mass of the scalar field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-17 Dhruba Jyoti Gogoi , Umananda Dev Goswami

A class of vector-tensor theories arises naturally in the framework of quadratic gravity in spacetimes with linear vector distortion. Requiring the absence of ghosts for the vector field imposes an interesting condition on the allowed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-04 Jose Beltran Jimenez , Lavinia Heisenberg , Tomi S. Koivisto

The gravitational perturbations of a rotating Kerr black hole are notoriously complicated, even at the linear level. In 1973, Teukolsky showed that their physical degrees of freedom are encoded in two gauge-invariant Weyl curvature scalars…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-14 Roman Berens , Trevor Gravely , Alexandru Lupsasca

We investigate the propagation of the gravitational waves in a cosmological background. Based on the framework of spatially covariant gravity, we derive the general quadratic action for the gravitational waves. The spatial derivatives of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-01 Xian Gao , Xun-Yang Hong

We point out, the scalar sector of gravitational perturbations may be excited by an isolated astrophysical system immersed in a universe whose accelerated expansion is not due to the cosmological constant, but due to extra field degrees of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-24 Li-Ying Chou , Yi-Zen Chu , Yen-Wei Liu

We constrain the parameter space of the Bumblebee model in a cosmological background and then investigate the properties of gravitational waves within the constrained parameter space. Our analysis reveals seven perturbative degrees of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-15 Xiao-Bin Lai , Yu-Qi Dong , Yu-Zhi Fan , Yu-Xiao Liu

In this paper, the polarization modes of gravitational waves in Horndeski gravity are studied under the Palatini formalism. After obtaining the linearized equation of perturbations in Minkowski background, we find that the polarization…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-24 Yu-Qi Dong , Yu-Xiao Liu

We investigate the production and detection of gravitational waves (GWs) within the framework of Gravitational Quantum Field Theory (GQFT). In this theory, GWs exhibit five propagating modes: one scalar, two vector, and two tensor modes.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-27 Yuan-Kun Gao , Da Huang , Yue-Liang Wu

In a general metric theory of gravitation in four dimensions, six polarizations of a gravitational wave are allowed: two scalar and two vector modes, in addition to two tensor modes in general relativity. Such additional polarization modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-09-23 Atsushi Nishizawa , Kazuhiro Hayama