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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable embodied decision-making but rely heavily on imitation learning, leading to compounding errors and poor robustness under distribution shift. Reinforcement learning (RL) can mitigate these issues…

Episodic training, where an agent's environment is reset after every success or failure, is the de facto standard when training embodied reinforcement learning (RL) agents. The underlying assumption that the environment can be easily reset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Zichen Zhang , Luca Weihs

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

Agentic large language models often rely on skills, reusable natural language procedures that guide planning, action, and tool use. In practice, skills are typically improved through prompt engineering or by aligning the task LLM itself,…

With the rapid advancement of commercial multi-modal models, image editing has garnered significant attention due to its widespread applicability in daily life. Despite impressive progress, existing image editing systems, particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yiran Zhao , Yaoqi Ye , Xiang Liu , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Trung Bui

To enhance the cross-target and cross-scene generalization of target-driven visual navigation based on deep reinforcement learning (RL), we introduce an information-theoretic regularization term into the RL objective. The regularization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Qiaoyun Wu , Kai Xu , Jun Wang , Mingliang Xu , Xiaoxi Gong , Dinesh Manocha

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promising capabilities for embodied intelligence, but most existing approaches rely on text-based chain-of-thought reasoning where visual inputs are treated as static context. This limits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chaoyang Wang , Wenrui Bao , Sicheng Gao , Bingxin Xu , Yu Tian , Yogesh S. Rawat , Yunhao Ge , Yuzhang Shang

We present an optimised multi-modal dialogue agent for interactive learning of visually grounded word meanings from a human tutor, trained on real human-human tutoring data. Within a life-long interactive learning period, the agent, trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Yanchao Yu , Arash Eshghi , Oliver Lemon

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for eliciting long-horizon reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, scaling Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) via RL remains challenging due to interaction collapse: a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuqin Zhang , Quan He , Zhenrui Zheng , Zongzhang Zhang , Xu He , Dong Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an appealing paradigm for training intelligent agents, enabling policy acquisition from the agent's own autonomously acquired experience. However, the training process of RL is far from automatic, requiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zhao Yang , Thomas M. Moerland , Mike Preuss , Aske Plaat , Edward S. Hu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) bears the promise of being a game-changer in many applications. However, since most of the literature in the field is currently focused on opaque models, the use of RL in high-stakes scenarios, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

Large Language Models (LLMs), when enhanced through reasoning-oriented post-training, evolve into powerful Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) further extends their capabilities by incorporating external tools,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yifan Wei , Xiaoyan Yu , Yixuan Weng , Tengfei Pan , Angsheng Li , Li Du

Developing robust and correctable visuomotor policies for robotic manipulation is challenging due to the lack of self-recovery mechanisms from failures and the limitations of simple language instructions in guiding robot actions. To address…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yinpei Dai , Jayjun Lee , Nima Fazeli , Joyce Chai

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is the dominant standard for interoperable exchange of healthcare data. In FHIR, electronic health records form a directed graph of resources. Answering clinically meaningful questions over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Marius S. Knorr , Robert Müller , Jan P. Bremer , Nils Schweingruber

Image restoration (IR) is challenging due to the complexity of real-world degradations. While many specialized and all-in-one IR models have been developed, they fail to effectively handle complex, mixed degradations. Recent agentic methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xu Jiang , Gehui Li , Bin Chen , Jian Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated significant potential for generalist robotic policies; however, they struggle to generalize to long-horizon complex tasks in novel real-world domains due to distribution shifts and the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zhian Su , Weijie Kong , Haonan Dong , Huixu Dong

Real-world image restoration (IR) is inherently complex and often requires combining multiple specialized models to address diverse degradations. Inspired by human problem-solving, we propose AgenticIR, an agentic system that mimics the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kaiwen Zhu , Jinjin Gu , Zhiyuan You , Yu Qiao , Chao Dong

This paper presents Randomized AutoRegressive modeling (RAR) for visual generation, which sets a new state-of-the-art performance on the image generation task while maintaining full compatibility with language modeling frameworks. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Qihang Yu , Ju He , Xueqing Deng , Xiaohui Shen , Liang-Chieh Chen

To fulfill user instructions, autonomous web agents must contend with the inherent complexity and volatile nature of real-world websites. Conventional paradigms predominantly rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) or Offline Reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yuyu Guo , Wenjie Yang , Siyuan Yang , Ziyang Liu , Cheng Chen , Yuan Wei , Yun Hu , Yang Huang , Guoliang Hao , Dongsheng Yuan , Jianming Wang , Xin Chen , Hang Yu , Lei Lei , Peng Di

Tool-integrated visual reasoning (TiVR) has demonstrated great potential in enhancing multimodal problem-solving. However, existing TiVR paradigms mainly focus on integrating various visual tools through reinforcement learning, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yuji Wang , Wenlong Liu , Jingxuan Niu , Haoji Zhang , Yansong Tang