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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising paradigm for generalist robotic manipulation by grounding high-level semantic instructions into executable physical actions. However, prevailing approaches typically adopt a monolithic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yifei Wei , Linqing Zhong , Yi Liu , Yuxiang Lu , Xindong He , Maoqing Yao , Guanghui Ren

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise for robotic control, yet performance in complex household environments remains sub-optimal. Mobile manipulation requires reasoning about global scene layout, fine-grained geometry, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruisen Tu , Arth Shukla , Sohyun Yoo , Xuanlin Li , Junxi Li , Jianwen Xie , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

The emergence of Vision Language Action (VLA) models marks a paradigm shift from traditional policy-based control to generalized robotics, reframing Vision Language Models (VLMs) from passive sequence generators into active agents for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dapeng Zhang , Jing Sun , Chenghui Hu , Xiaoyan Wu , Zhenlong Yuan , Rui Zhou , Fei Shen , Qingguo Zhou

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently achieved remarkable progress in robotic perception and control, yet most existing approaches primarily rely on VLM trained using 2D images, which limits their spatial understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zhifeng Rao , Wenlong Chen , Lei Xie , Xia Hua , Dongfu Yin , Zhen Tian , F. Richard Yu

Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models report impressive success rates on robotic manipulation benchmarks, yet these results may mask fundamental weaknesses in robustness. We perform a systematic vulnerability analysis by introducing…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path to realizing generalist embodied agents that can quickly adapt to new tasks, modalities, and environments. However, methods for interpreting and steering VLAs fall far short of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bear Häon , Kaylene Stocking , Ian Chuang , Claire Tomlin

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) are emerging as powerful tools for learning generalizable visuomotor control policies. However, current VLAs are mostly trained on large-scale image-text-action data and remain limited in two key ways:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenqi Liang , Gan Sun , Yao He , Jiahua Dong , Suyan Dai , Ivan Laptev , Salman Khan , Yang Cong

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have become an increasingly popular approach for addressing robot manipulation problems in recent years. However, such models need to output actions at a rate suitable for robot control, which limits the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Eric Hannus , Miika Malin , Tran Nguyen Le , Ville Kyrki

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models demonstrate promising generalization in robotic manipulation, driven by advances in large-scale vision and language pre-training. This progress can be misleading. Despite the zero-shot perception and…

Reinforcement learning (RL) can refine Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies beyond behavior cloning, but real-world RL remains expensive due to extensive rollouts, resets, supervision, and safety risks. Action-conditioned video world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaokang Liu , Zechen Bai , Hai Ci , Kevin Yuchen Ma , Mike Zheng Shou

Recent advances in vision-language-action (VLA) models have motivated the extension of their capabilities to embodied settings, where reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled way to optimize task success through interaction. However,…

To operate effectively in the real world, robots should integrate multimodal reasoning with precise action generation. However, existing vision-language-action (VLA) models often sacrifice one for the other, narrow their abilities to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shuai Yang , Hao Li , Bin Wang , Yilun Chen , Yang Tian , Tai Wang , Hanqing Wang , Feng Zhao , Yiyi Liao , Jiangmiao Pang

General vision-language models increasingly support unified spatiotemporal reasoning over long video streams, yet deploying such capabilities on robots remains constrained by the prohibitive latency of processing long-horizon histories and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jingjing Fan , Yushan Liu , Shoujie Li , Botao Ren , Siyuan Li , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Wenbo Ding , Zhidong Deng

We introduce Green-VLA, a staged Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework for real-world deployment on the Green humanoid robot while maintaining generalization across diverse embodiments. Green-VLA follows a five stage curriculum: (L0)…

Lifelong learning is critical for embodied agents in open-world environments, where reinforcement learning fine-tuning has emerged as an important paradigm to enable Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to master dexterous manipulation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Qixin Zeng , Shuo Zhang , Hongyin Zhang , Renjie Wang , Han Zhao , Libang Zhao , Runze Li , Donglin Wang , Chao Huang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for generalist robotic control. Built upon vision-language model (VLM) architectures, VLAs predict actions conditioned on visual observations and language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weikang Qiu , Huashuo Lei , Tinglin Huang , Rex Ying

In this paper, we present DiffusionVLA, a novel framework that seamlessly combines the autoregression model with the diffusion model for learning visuomotor policy. Central to our approach is a next-token prediction objective, enabling the…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated significant potential in real-world robotic manipulation. However, pre-trained VLA policies still suffer from substantial performance degradation during downstream deployment. Although…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zhuo Li , Junjia Liu , Zhipeng Dong , Tao Teng , Quentin Rouxel , Darwin Caldwell , Fei Chen

While vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown great promise for robot manipulation, their deployment on rigid industrial robots remains challenging due to the inherent trade-off between compliance and responsiveness. Standard…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Johannes Hechtl , Philipp Schmitt , Georg von Wichert , Wolfram Burgard

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm in Embodied AI. However, the significant computational overhead of processing redundant visual tokens remains a critical bottleneck for real-time robotic deployment.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Juntao Gao , Feiyang Ye , Jing Zhang , Wenjing Qian
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