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Autonomous science agents built on large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate hypotheses, design experiments, and produce reports. However, prior work mainly targets open-ended scientific problems with subjective outputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tianshu Zhang , Huan Sun

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Large Language Model agents are reshaping the industrial landscape. However, most practical agents remain human-designed because tasks differ widely, making them labor-intensive to build. This situation poses a central question: can we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhezheng Hao , Hong Wang , Jian Luo , Jianqing Zhang , Yuyan Zhou , Qiang Lin , Can Wang , Hande Dong , Jiawei Chen

Most of the existing Large Language Model (LLM) benchmarks on scientific problem reasoning focus on problems grounded in high-school subjects and are confined to elementary algebraic operations. To systematically examine the reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Xiaoxuan Wang , Ziniu Hu , Pan Lu , Yanqiao Zhu , Jieyu Zhang , Satyen Subramaniam , Arjun R. Loomba , Shichang Zhang , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps prior to generating final answers, helping the model excel in complex problem-solving. In this paper, we demonstrate that this emerging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Jiachen T. Wang , G. Edward Suh , Prateek Mittal

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities across domains, tasks, and languages (e.g., ChatGPT and GPT-4), reviving the research of general autonomous agents with human-like cognitive abilities. Such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Pengbo Hu , Xiang Ying

While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Khoramfar , Ali Ramezani , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Heshaam Faili

Existing automated research systems operate as stateless, linear pipelines -- generating outputs without maintaining any persistent understanding of the research landscape they navigate. They process papers sequentially, propose ideas…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yunbo Long

Large language models are emerging as scientific assistants, but evaluating their ability to reason from empirical data remains challenging. Benchmarks derived from published studies and human annotations inherit publication bias,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Oliver Bentham , Vivek Srikumar

The reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have been substantially improved by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). At test time, collaborative reasoning through Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenxi Liu , Yanshuo Chen , Ruibo Chen , Tianyi Xiong , Tong Zheng , Heng Huang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) represent a breakthrough in AI problem-solving capabilities, but their effectiveness in interactive environments can be limited. This paper introduces and analyzes overthinking in LRMs. A phenomenon where…

Recent advances in AI reasoning models provide unprecedented transparency into their decision-making processes, transforming them from traditional black-box systems into models that articulate step-by-step chains of thought rather than…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Christoph Treude , Raula Gaikovina Kula

While large language models (LLMs) excel in mathematical and code reasoning, we observe they struggle with social reasoning tasks, exhibiting cognitive confusion, logical inconsistencies, and conflation between objective world states and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jialu Du , Guiyang Hou , Yihui Fu , Chen Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

Humans regularly engage in analogical thinking, relating personal experiences to current situations (X is analogous to Y because of Z). Analogical thinking allows humans to solve problems in creative ways, grasp difficult concepts, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Xiao Ye , Andrew Wang , Jacob Choi , Yining Lu , Shreya Sharma , Lingfeng Shen , Vijay Tiyyala , Nicholas Andrews , Daniel Khashabi

Analogical reasoning is a fundamental capacity of human cognition that allows us to reason abstractly about novel situations by relating them to past experiences. While it is thought to be essential for robust reasoning in AI systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xiaoyang Hu , Shane Storks , Richard L. Lewis , Joyce Chai

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have given rise to the LLM-as-a-judge paradigm, showcasing their potential to deliver human-like judgments. However, in the field of machine translation (MT) evaluation, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhaopeng Feng , Jiayuan Su , Jiamei Zheng , Jiahan Ren , Yan Zhang , Jian Wu , Hongwei Wang , Zuozhu Liu

We introduce Cognitive Kernel, an open-source agent system towards the goal of generalist autopilots. Unlike copilot systems, which primarily rely on users to provide essential state information (e.g., task descriptions) and assist users by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Hongming Zhang , Xiaoman Pan , Hongwei Wang , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Dong Yu

Computer simulations offer a robust toolset for exploring complex systems across various disciplines. A particularly impactful approach within this realm is Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), which harnesses the interactions of individual agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Zengqing Wu , Run Peng , Xu Han , Shuyuan Zheng , Yixin Zhang , Chuan Xiao

The last decade has witnessed the proliferation of Deep Learning models in many applications, achieving unrivaled levels of predictive performance. Unfortunately, the black-box nature of Deep Learning models has posed unanswered questions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Alejandro Barredo-Arrieta , Javier Del Ser

Modeling social interactions based on individual behavior has always been an area of interest, but prior literature generally presumes rational behavior. Thus, such models may miss out on capturing the effects of biases humans are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Nanda Kishore Sreenivas , Shrisha Rao