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In this paper, a novel Deep Q-Network (DQN) based scheduling method to optimize delay time and fairness among entanglement requests in quantum repeater networks is proposed. The scheduling of requests determines which pairs of end nodes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Gongyu Ni , Lester Ho , Holger Claussen

The generation of entanglement across different nodes in distributed quantum architectures plays a pivotal role for different applications. In particular, deterministic, robust, and fast protocols that prepare genuine multipartite entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 G. F. Peñas , J. -J. García-Ripoll , R. Puebla

We investigate the transfer of genuine multipartite entanglement across a spin-1/2 chain with nearest-neighbor XX-type interaction. We focus on the perturbative regime, where a block of spins is weakly coupled at each edge of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Tony J. G. Apollaro , Claudio Sanavio , Wayne Jordan Chetcuti , Salvatore Lorenzo

A quantum network distributes quantum entanglements between remote nodes, and is key to many applications in secure communication, quantum sensing and distributed quantum computing. This paper explores the fundamental trade-off between the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Huayue Gu , Zhouyu Li , Ruozhou Yu , Xiaojian Wang , Fangtong Zhou , Jianqing Liu , Guoliang Xue

Quantum entanglement is a key resource for quantum computation and quantum communication \cite{Nielsen2010}. Scaling to large quantum communication or computation networks further requires the deterministic generation of multi-qubit…

As quantum key distribution becomes increasingly practical, questions of how to effectively employ it in large-scale networks and over large distances becomes increasingly important. To that end, in this work, we model the performance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec , Bing Wang

Small interconnected quantum processors can collaborate to tackle quantum computational problems that typically demand more capable devices. These linked processors, referred to as quantum nodes, can use shared entangled states to execute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Lars Talsma , Álvaro G. Iñesta , Stephanie Wehner

In large-scale quantum networks, quantum repeaters provide an efficient method to distribute entangled states among selected nodes for realizing long-distance and complicated quantum communications. However, extending quantum repeater…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Tianen Chen , Yun Shang , Chitong Chen , Heng Fan

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement, originally introduced to uncover the extreme violation of local realism against quantum mechanics, is an important resource for multiparty quantum communication tasks. But the low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

We consider problems of distributing high-fidelity entangled states across nodes of a quantum network. We consider a repeater-based network architecture with entanglement swapping (fusion) operations for generating long-distance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Xiaojie Fan , Yukun Yang , Himanshu Gupta , C. R. Ramakrishnan

The quantum internet aims to interconnect distant devices and enable large-scale computation through distributed quantum algorithms. One of the key obstacles is communication latency during computation. Even separations of a few hundred…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Yerim Kim , Kiwmann Hwang , Hyukjoon Kwon , Yosep Kim

Entanglement-based quantum networks exhibit a unique flexibility in the choice of entangled resource states that are then locally manipulated by the nodes to fulfill any request in the network. Furthermore, this manipulation is not uniquely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz , Julius Wallnöfer , Wolfgang Dür

Entanglement distribution in quantum networks will enable next-generation technologies for quantum-secured communications, distributed quantum computing and sensing. Future quantum networks will require dense connectivity, allowing multiple…

Quantum communication between distant parties is based on suitable instances of shared entanglement. For efficiency reasons, in an anticipated quantum network beyond point-to-point communication, it is preferable that many parties can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 F. Hahn , A. Pappa , J. Eisert

The entanglement distribution networks with various topologies are mainly implemented by active wavelength multiplexing routing strategies. However, designing an entanglement routing scheme, which achieves the maximized network connections…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Hui Han , Bo Liu , Bangying Tang , Siyu Xiong , Jinquan Huang , Wanrong Yu , Shuhui Chen

Entanglement is a key resource in quantum communication, but bipartite schemes are often insufficient for advanced protocols like quantum secret sharing or distributed computing. Graph states offer a flexible way to represent and manage…

We consider the problem of optimising the achievable EPR-pair distribution rate between multiple source-destination pairs in a quantum internet, where the repeaters may perform a probabilistic bell-state measurement and we may impose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 Kaushik Chakraborty , David Elkouss , Bruno Rijsman , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum networks that distribute entanglement among remote nodes will unlock transformational technologies in quantum computing, communication, and sensing. However, state-of-the-art networks utilize only a single optically-addressed qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Andrei Ruskuc , Chun-Ju Wu , Emanuel Green , Sophie L. N. Hermans , Joonhee Choi , Andrei Faraon

We present a stack model for breaking down the complexity of entanglement-based quantum networks. More specifically, we focus on the structures and architectures of quantum networks and not on concrete physical implementations of network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 A. Pirker , W. Dür

Distributed quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in realizing networks that connect quantum devices. However, sharing entanglement between distant nodes by means of photons is a challenging process primary due to unavoidable losses in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Hikaru Shimizu , Wojciech Roga , David Elkouss , Masahiro Takeoka