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Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (RL) improves sample efficiency by leveraging pre-collected datasets prior to online interaction. A key challenge, however, is learning an accurate critic in large state--action spaces with limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Andrew Choi , Wei Xu

In Reinforcement Learning (RL), training a policy from scratch with online experiences can be inefficient because of the difficulties in exploration. Recently, offline RL provides a promising solution by giving an initialized offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Changhong Wang , Xudong Yu , Chenjia Bai , Qiaosheng Zhang , Zhen Wang

Poor sample efficiency continues to be the primary challenge for deployment of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for real-world applications, and in particular for visuo-motor control. Model-based RL has the potential to be highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Nicklas Hansen , Yixin Lin , Hao Su , Xiaolong Wang , Vikash Kumar , Aravind Rajeswaran

Robust reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies that remain effective despite uncertainties in its environment, which frequently arise in real-world applications due to variations in environment dynamics. The robust RL methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Linh Le Pham Van , Minh Hoang Nguyen , Hung Le , Hung The Tran , Sunil Gupta

Applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world applications requires addressing a trade-off between asymptotic performance, sample efficiency, and inference time. In this work, we demonstrate how to address this triple challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Zakariae El Asri , Olivier Sigaud , Nicolas Thome

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promise for decision-making tasks in real-world applications. One practical framework involves training parameterized policy models from an offline dataset and subsequently deploying them in an online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Ziniu Li , Ke Xu , Liu Liu , Lanqing Li , Deheng Ye , Peilin Zhao

We investigate the effectiveness of reinforcement learning methods for finetuning large language models when transitioning from offline to semi-online to fully online regimes for both verifiable and non-verifiable tasks. Our experiments…

Most reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms assume online access to the environment, in which one may readily interleave updates to the policy with experience collection using that policy. However, in many real-world applications such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Tatsuya Matsushima , Hiroki Furuta , Yutaka Matsuo , Ofir Nachum , Shixiang Gu

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to extract near-optimal policies from imperfect offline data without additional environment interactions. Extracting policies from diverse offline datasets has the potential to expand the range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Catherine Cang , Aravind Rajeswaran , Pieter Abbeel , Michael Laskin

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has delivered strong results in domains such as Atari and Go, but it still suffers from high sample cost and weak transfer beyond the training setting. A common response is to reuse information from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ujjwal Patil , Javad Ghofrani

Model-based offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) constructs environment models from offline datasets to perform conservative policy optimization. Existing approaches focus on learning state transitions through ensemble models, rollouting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Hongye Cao , Fan Feng , Jing Huo , Shangdong Yang , Meng Fang , Tianpei Yang , Yang Gao

Online Reinforcement learning (RL) typically requires high-stakes online interaction data to learn a policy for a target task. This prompts interest in leveraging historical data to improve sample efficiency. The historical data may come…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chengrui Qu , Laixi Shi , Kishan Panaganti , Pengcheng You , Adam Wierman

We take the novel perspective of incorporating offline RL algorithms as subroutines of tabula rasa online RL. This is feasible because an online learning agent can repurpose its historical interactions as offline dataset. We formalize this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jianhai Su , Jinzhu Luo , Qi Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can solve challenging control problems directly from image observations, but they often require millions of environment interactions to do so. Recently, model-based RL algorithms have greatly improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yifan Xu , Nicklas Hansen , Zirui Wang , Yung-Chieh Chan , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

Ensemble models are powerful model building tools that are developed with a focus to improve the accuracy of model predictions. They find applications in time series forecasting in varied scenarios including but not limited to process…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proved to have a promising role in future intelligent wireless networks. Online RL has been adopted for radio resource management (RRM), taking over traditional schemes. However, due to its reliance on online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Eslam Eldeeb , Hirley Alves

Vision-based reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising technique to solve control tasks involving images as the main observation. State-of-the-art RL algorithms still struggle in terms of sample efficiency, especially when using image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Elie Aljalbout , Maximilian Ulmer , Rudolph Triebel

The goal of reinforcement learning (RL) is to find a policy that maximizes the expected cumulative return. It has been shown that this objective can be represented as an optimization problem of state-action visitation distribution under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Harshit Sikchi , Qinqing Zheng , Amy Zhang , Scott Niekum

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows learning sequential behavior from fixed datasets. Since offline datasets do not cover all possible situations, many methods collect additional data during online fine-tuning to improve performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Mohammadreza Nakhaei , Aidan Scannell , Joni Pajarinen

We introduce an offline reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that explicitly clones a behavior policy to constrain value learning. In offline RL, it is often important to prevent a policy from selecting unobserved actions, since the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Wonjoon Goo , Scott Niekum