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Voice phishing (vishing) remains a persistent threat in cybersecurity, exploiting human trust through persuasive speech. While machine learning (ML)-based classifiers have shown promise in detecting malicious call transcripts, they remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Wenhao Li , Selvakumar Manickam , Yung-wey Chong , Shankar Karuppayah

Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, phishing etc. Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. In this paper we examine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-08-09 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Dhinaharan Nagamalai , Jae Kwang Lee

Phishing and related cyber threats are becoming more varied and technologically advanced. Among these, email-based phishing remains the most dominant and persistent threat. These attacks exploit human vulnerabilities to disseminate malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sajad U P

The rise of QR code-based phishing ("Quishing") poses a growing cybersecurity threat, as attackers increasingly exploit QR codes to bypass traditional phishing defenses. Existing detection methods predominantly focus on URL analysis, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

Phishing websites are everywhere, and countermeasures based on static blocklists cannot cope with such a threat. To address this problem, state-of-the-art solutions entail the application of machine learning (ML) to detect phishing websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Ajka Draganovic , Savino Dambra , Javier Aldana Iuit , Kevin Roundy , Giovanni Apruzzese

AI programs, built using large language models, make it possible to automatically create phishing emails based on a few data points about a user. They stand in contrast to traditional phishing emails that hackers manually design using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Fredrik Heiding , Bruce Schneier , Arun Vishwanath , Jeremy Bernstein , Peter S. Park

Phishing remains the most pervasive threat to the Web, enabling large-scale credential theft and financial fraud through deceptive webpages. While recent reference-based and generative-AI-driven phishing detectors achieve strong accuracy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tailai Song , Pedro Casas , Michela Meo

Attacks exploiting the innate and the acquired vulnerabilities of human users have posed severe threats to cybersecurity. This work proposes ADVERT, a human-technical solution that generates adaptive visual aids in real-time to prevent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Linan Huang , Shumeng Jia , Emily Balcetis , Quanyan Zhu

Many cyberattacks start with disseminating phishing URLs. When clicking these phishing URLs, the victim's private information is leaked to the attacker. There have been proposed several machine learning methods to detect phishing URLs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Taeri Kim , Noseong Park , Jiwon Hong , Sang-Wook Kim

When large language models are trained on private data, it can be a significant privacy risk for them to memorize and regurgitate sensitive information. In this work, we propose a new practical data extraction attack that we call "neural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Ashwinee Panda , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Zhengming Zhang , Yaoqing Yang , Prateek Mittal

Phishing is the combination of social engineering and technical exploits designed to convince a victim to provide personal information, usually for the monetary gain of the attacker. Phishing has become the most popular practice among the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-10-04 Aanchal Jain , Vineet Richariya

The escalating landscape of cyber threats, characterized by the registration of thousands of new domains daily for large-scale Internet attacks such as spam, phishing, and drive-by downloads, underscores the imperative for innovative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Furkan Çolhak , Mert İlhan Ecevit , Hasan Dağ , Reiner Creutzburg

Spear phishing is a complex targeted attack in which, an attacker harvests information about the victim prior to the attack. This information is then used to create sophisticated, genuine-looking attack vectors, drawing the victim to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Prateek Dewan , Anand Kashyap , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Historically, machine learning in computer security has prioritized defense: think intrusion detection systems, malware classification, and botnet traffic identification. Offense can benefit from data just as well. Social networks, with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-15 John Seymour , Philip Tully

Phishing websites remain a persistent cybersecurity threat by mimicking legitimate sites to steal sensitive user information. Existing machine learning-based detection methods often rely on supervised learning with labeled data, which not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Wenhao Li , Selvakumar Manickam , Yung-Wey Chong , Shankar Karuppayah , Priyadarsi Nanda , Binyong Li

Machine learning (ML) based approaches have been the mainstream solution for anti-phishing detection. When they are deployed on the client-side, ML-based classifiers are vulnerable to evasion attacks. However, such potential threats have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Yusi Lei , Sen Chen , Lingling Fan , Fu Song , Yang Liu

Now-a-days, cyberattacks are increasing at an unprecedented rate. Phishing is a social engineering attack which has a massive global impact, destroying the financial and economic value of corporations, government sectors and individuals. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Kalaharsha Pagadala

Phishing emails continue to pose a persistent challenge to online communication, exploiting human trust and evading automated filters through realistic language and adaptive tactics. While large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Daniyal Ganiuly , Assel Smaiyl

Phishing is one of the main points of compromise, with email security and awareness being estimated at \$50-100B in 2022. There is great need for email forensics capability to quickly search for malicious content. A novel solution POST is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jeffrey Fairbanks

In this paper, we introduce PhishLang, the first fully client-side anti-phishing framework built on a lightweight ensemble framework that utilizes advanced language models to analyze the contextual features of a website's source code and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh