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Digital pathology based on whole slide images (WSIs) plays a key role in cancer diagnosis and clinical practice. Due to the high resolution of the WSI and the unavailability of patch-level annotations, WSI classification is usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Litao Yang , Deval Mehta , Sidong Liu , Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Antonio Di Ieva , Zongyuan Ge

The interpretation of histopathology cases underlies many important diagnostic and treatment decisions in medicine. Notably, this process typically requires pathologists to integrate and summarize findings across multiple slides per case.…

Diagnosing a whole-slide image is an interactive, multi-stage process of changing magnification and moving between fields. Although recent pathology foundation models demonstrated superior performances, practical agentic systems that decide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Sheng Wang , Ruiming Wu , Charles Herndon , Yihang Liu , Shunsuke Koga , Jeanne Shen , Zhi Huang

A Whole Slide Image (WSI) is a high-resolution digital image created by scanning an entire glass slide containing a biological specimen, such as tissue sections or cell samples, at multiple magnifications. These images are digitally…

Predicting microsatellite instability (MSI) status from routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) whole slide images (WSIs) offers a practical alternative to molecular testing, but models trained at one institution tend to generalize poorly to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Dasari Naga Raju

Poor performance of quantitative analysis in histopathological Whole Slide Images (WSI) has been a significant obstacle in clinical practice. Annotating large-scale WSIs manually is a demanding and time-consuming task, unlikely to yield the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Sarah Cechnicka , James Ball , Hadrien Reynaud , Callum Arthurs , Candice Roufosse , Bernhard Kainz

The fine-grained annotations in whole slide images (WSIs) show the boundaries of various pathological regions. However, generating such detailed annotation is often costly, whereas the coarse annotations are relatively simpler to produce.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Bingjian Yao , Weiping Lin , Yan He , Zheng Wang , Liangsheng Wang

In many histopathology tasks, sample classification depends on morphological details in tissue or single cells that are only visible at the highest magnification. For a pathologist, this implies tedious zooming in and out, while for a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Ario Sadafi , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

Microscopic interpretation of histopathology images underlies many important diagnostic and treatment decisions. While advances in vision-language modeling raise new opportunities for analysis of such images, the gigapixel-scale size of…

Prediction tasks in digital pathology are challenging due to the massive size of whole-slide images (WSIs) and the weak nature of training signals. Advances in computing, data availability, and self-supervised learning (SSL) have paved the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Vishwesh Ramanathan , Tony Xu , Pushpak Pati , Faruk Ahmed , Maged Goubran , Anne L. Martel

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as the dominant paradigm for whole slide image (WSI) analysis in computational pathology, achieving strong diagnostic performance through patch-level feature aggregation. However, existing MIL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yiran Song , Yikai Zhang , Shuang Zhou , Guojun Xiong , Xiaofeng Yang , Nian Wang , Fenglong Ma , Rui Zhang , Mingquan Lin

Rapid progress in vision-language modeling has enabled pathology report generation from gigapixel whole-slide images, but most approaches assume static training with simultaneous access to all data. In clinical deployment, however, new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Pratibha Kumari , Daniel Reisenbüchler , Afshin Bozorgpour , yousef Sadegheih , Priyankar Choudhary , Dorit Merhof

Whole slide imaging (WSI) is an emerging technology for digital pathology. The process of autofocusing is the main influence of the performance of WSI. Traditional autofocusing methods either are time-consuming due to repetitive mechanical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-17 Qiang Li , Xianming Liu , Kaige Han , Cheng Guo , Xiangyang Ji , Xiaolin Wu

Vision foundation models (FMs) are accelerating the development of digital pathology algorithms and transforming biomedical research. These models learn, in a self-supervised manner, to represent histological features in highly…

Deploying digital pathology models across medical centers is challenging due to distribution shifts. Recent advances in domain generalization improve model transferability in terms of aggregated performance measured by the Area Under Curve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Arthur Pignet , John Klein , Genevieve Robin , Antoine Olivier

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have enabled robust generalization in computational pathology through large-scale datasets and expansive architectures, but their substantial computational cost, particularly for gigapixel whole slide…

Whole slide image (WSI) analysis is gaining prominence within the medical imaging field. Recent advances in pathology foundation models have shown the potential to extract powerful feature representations from WSIs for downstream tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Yanyan Huang , Weiqin Zhao , Yihang Chen , Yu Fu , Lequan Yu

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into pathology is advancing precision medicine by improving diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. Digitised whole-slide images (WSIs) capture rich spatial and morphological…

Computational pathology (CPath) has shown great potential in mining actionable insights from Whole Slide Images (WSIs). Deep Learning (DL) has been at the center of modern CPath, and while it delivers unprecedented performance, it is also…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-31 Gianluca Carloni , Biagio Brattoli , Seongho Keum , Jongchan Park , Taebum Lee , Chang Ho Ahn , Sergio Pereira

Pathology foundation models (FMs) have become central to computational histopathology, offering strong transfer performance across a wide range of diagnostic and prognostic tasks. The rapid proliferation of pathology foundation models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Gexin Huang , Anqi Li , Yusheng Tan , Beidi Zhao , Gang Wang , Zu-Hua Gao , Xiaoxiao Li