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T-cells play a key role in adaptive immunity by mounting specific responses against diverse pathogens. An effective binding between T-cell receptors (TCRs) and pathogen-derived peptides presented on Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHCs)…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-05 Gian Marco Visani , Michael N. Pun , Anastasia A. Minervina , Philip Bradley , Paul Thomas , Armita Nourmohammad

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. T cell receptors (TCRs) are essential proteins for the adaptive immune system, and their specific recognition of antigens plays a crucial role in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Zahra Tayebi , Sarwan Ali , Prakash Chourasia , Taslim Murad , Murray Patterson

T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes is fundamental to adaptive immunity and central to the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. While transformer-based models have shown promise in predicting TCR-pMHC…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiarui Li , Zixiang Yin , Zhengming Ding , Samuel J. Landry , Ramgopal R. Mettu

T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes is a central component of adaptive immunity, with implications for vaccine design, cancer immunotherapy, and autoimmune disease. While recent advances in machine learning…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-09 Jiarui Li , Zixiang Yin , Zhengming Ding , Samuel J. Landry , Ramgopal R. Mettu

Understanding the binding specificity between T-cell receptors (TCRs) and peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs) is central to immunotherapy and vaccine development. However, current predictive models struggle with…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-29 Cong Qi , Hanzhang Fang , Siqi jiang , Tianxing Hu , Zhi Wei

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and binding to specific antigens presented by infected or cancerous cells. Understanding the sequence patterns of TCRs is essential for developing targeted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yicheng Lin , Dandan Zhang , Yun Liu

T-cell receptor (TCR) interactions with antigenic peptides underpin adaptive immunity and are pivotal for personalized immunotherapy and vaccine development. Despite recent progress, computational modeling of TCR-peptide specificity remains…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-07 Yiming Wang , Weiyu Xiao , Jiangbin Zheng , Stan Z. Li

T cell receptors (TCRs) bind foreign or self-peptides attached to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, and the strength of this interaction determines T cell activation. Optimizing the ability of T cells to recognize a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-03-23 Hanrong Chen , Arup K. Chakraborty , Mehran Kardar

The T cell arm of the adaptive immune system provides the host protection against unknown pathogens by discriminating between host and foreign material. This discriminatory capability is achieved by the creation of a repertoire of cells…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Kevin Ng Chau , Jason T. George , José N. Onuchic , Xingcheng Lin , Herbert Levine

Recent advancements in immune sequencing and experimental techniques are generating extensive T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data, enabling the development of models to predict TCR binding specificity. Despite the computational challenges…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-24 Anna Weber , Aurélien Pélissier , María Rodríguez Martínez

T cells monitor the health status of cells by identifying foreign peptides displayed on their surface. T-cell receptors (TCRs), which are protein complexes found on the surface of T cells, are able to bind to these peptides. This process is…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-07 Ziqi Chen , Martin Renqiang Min , Hongyu Guo , Chao Cheng , Trevor Clancy , Xia Ning

The complex nature of tripartite peptide-MHC-TCR interactions is a critical yet underexplored area in immunogenicity prediction. Traditional studies on TCR-antigen binding have not fully addressed the complex dependencies in triad binding.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-06 Jiahao Ma , Hongzong Li , Jian-Dong Huang , Ye-Fan Hu , Yifan Chen

Designing full-length, epitope-specific TCR {\alpha}\b{eta} remains challenging due to vast sequence space, data biases and incomplete modeling of immunogenetic constraints. We present LSMTCR, a scalable multi-architecture framework that…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ruihao Zhang , Xiao Liu

Hypervariable T-cell receptors (TCR) play a key role in adaptive immunity, recognising a vast diversity of pathogen-derived antigens. High throughput sequencing of TCR repertoires (RepSeq) produces huge datasets of T-cell receptor sequences…

A key challenge in molecular biology is to decipher the mapping of protein sequence to function. To perform this mapping requires the identification of sequence features most informative about function. Here, we quantify the amount of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-19 James Henderson , Yuta Nagano , Martina Milighetti , Andreas Tiffeau-Mayer

T-cell receptors (TCR) are key proteins of the adaptive immune system, generated randomly in each individual, whose diversity underlies our ability to recognize infections and malignancies. Modeling the distribution of TCR sequences is of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-01 Giulio Isacchini , Zachary Sethna , Yuval Elhanati , Armita Nourmohammad , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Thierry Mora

Computational prediction of the interaction of T cell receptors (TCRs) and their ligands is a grand challenge in immunology. Despite advances in high-throughput assays, specificity-labelled TCR data remains sparse. In other domains, the…

The anti-cancer immune response relies on the bindings between T-cell receptors (TCRs) and antigens, which elicits adaptive immunity to eliminate tumor cells. This ability of the immune system to respond to novel various neoantigens arises…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Xing Fang , Chenpeng Yu , Shiye Tian , Hui Liu

It has been verified that only a small fraction of the neoantigens presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface can elicit T cells. The limitation can be attributed to the binding specificity of T cell receptor (TCR) to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-24 Yiming Fang , Xuejun Liu , Hui Liu

Predicting clinical outcomes to anti-cancer drugs on a personalized basis is challenging in cancer treatment due to the heterogeneity of tumors. Traditional computational efforts have been made to model the effect of drug response on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Jie Gao , Jing Hu , Wanqing Sun , Yili Shen , Xiaonan Zhang , Xiaomin Fang , Fan Wang , Guodong Zhao
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