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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized intelligent application development. While standalone LLMs cannot perform any actions, LLM agents address the limitation by integrating tools. However, debugging LLM agents is difficult and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Niful Islam , Ragib Shahriar Ayon , Deepak George Thomas , Shibbir Ahmed , Mohammad Wardat

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have significantly impacted Task-Oriented Dialog Systems (TODS) but continue to face notable performance challenges, especially in zero-shot scenarios. While prior work has noted this performance gap,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Avinash Baidya , Kamalika Das , Xiang Gao

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) as coding agents promises to accelerate software development, but their impact on generated code reproducibility remains largely unexplored. This paper presents an empirical study investigating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Bhanu Prakash Vangala , Ali Adibifar , Ashish Gehani , Tanu Malik

Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in autonomous code generation under loose specifications. However, production-grade software requires strict adherence to structural constraints, such as architectural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Francesco Dente , Dario Satriani , Paolo Papotti

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational to modern AI agent systems, enabling autonomous agents to reason and plan. In most existing systems, inter-agent communication relies primarily on natural language. While this design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Halimulati Julaiti , Zhongliang Yang

Effective feedback is essential for fostering students' success in scientific inquiry. With advancements in artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for delivering instant and adaptive feedback. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kathrin Seßler , Arne Bewersdorff , Claudia Nerdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

Large language models (LLMs) struggle to consistently generate UI code that compiles and produces visually relevant designs. Existing approaches to improve generation rely on expensive human feedback or distilling a proprietary model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jason Wu , Eldon Schoop , Alan Leung , Titus Barik , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Jeffrey Nichols

The burgeoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have underscored the need for alignment to ensure these models act in accordance with human values and intentions. Existing alignment frameworks present constraints either in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Leitian Tao , Yixuan Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) often struggles with reward misalignment, where agents optimize given rewards but fail to exhibit the desired behaviors. This arises when the reward function incentivizes proxy behaviors misaligned with the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Mohammad Saif Nazir , Chayan Banerjee

Vibe coding inherently assumes iterative refinement of LLM-generated code through feedback loops. While effective for conventional software tasks, its reliability in runtime-adaptive systems is unclear -- especially when generated code is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Michal Töpfer , František Plášil , Tomáš Bureš , Petr Hnětynka

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in code generation and problem solving. Current approaches employ external tool-based iterative debuggers that use compiler or other tool-based runtime feedback to refine coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Md. Ashraful Islam , Mohammed Eunus Ali , Md Rizwan Parvez

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across diverse open-domain tasks, yet their application in specialized domains such as civil engineering remains largely unexplored. This paper starts bridging this gap by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiachen Liu , Ziheng Geng , Ran Cao , Lu Cheng , Paolo Bocchini , Minghui Cheng

Effort estimation is a crucial activity in agile software development, where teams collaboratively review, discuss, and estimate the effort required to complete user stories in a product backlog. Current practices in agile effort estimation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thanh-Long Bui , Hoa Khanh Dam , Rashina Hoda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in code completion. However, the training data used to develop these models often contain a significant amount of buggy code. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Liwei Guo , Sixiang Ye , Zeyu Sun , Xiang Chen , Yuxia Zhang , Bo Wang , Jie M. Zhang , Zheng Li , Yong Liu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building fully autonomous agents. However, fully autonomous LLM-based agents still face significant challenges, including limited reliability due to…

LLM agents have been widely adopted in real-world applications, relying on agent frameworks for workflow execution and multi-agent coordination. As these systems scale, understanding bugs in the underlying agent frameworks becomes critical.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xinxue Zhu , Jiacong Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Tianlin Li , Yanzhou Mu , Juan Zhai , Chao Shen , Chunrong Fang , Yang Liu

In games, and more generally in the field of software development, early detection of bugs is vital to maintain a high quality of the final product. Automated tests are a powerful tool that can catch a problem earlier in development by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Leonardo Marini , Linus Gisslén , Alessandro Sestini

AI agents that leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly becoming core building blocks of modern software systems. A wide range of frameworks is now available to support the specification of such applications. These frameworks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Fabiana Fournier , Lior Limonad , Yuval David

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate code with subtle but critical bugs, especially for complex tasks. Existing automated repair methods typically rely on superficial pass/fail signals, offering limited visibility into program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jiangping Huang , Wenguang Ye , Weisong Sun , Jian Zhang , Mingyue Zhang , Yang Liu

Although large language models (LLMs) have transformed AI, they still make mistakes and can explore unproductive reasoning paths. Self-correction capability is essential for deploying LLMs in safety-critical applications. We uncover a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ken Tsui