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Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern diverse physical phenomena, yet high-fidelity numerical solutions are computationally expensive and Machine Learning approaches lack generalization. While Scientific Foundation Models (SFMs) aim…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hamda Hmida , Hsiu-Wen Chang , Youssef Mesri

Traditionally, neural networks have been employed to learn the mapping between finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces. However, recent research has opened up new horizons, focusing on the utilization of deep neural networks to learn operators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Somdatta Goswami , Dimitris G. Giovanis , Bowei Li , Seymour M. J. Spence , Michael D. Shields

Designing universal artificial intelligence (AI) solver for partial differential equations (PDEs) is an open-ended problem and a significant challenge in science and engineering. Currently, data-driven solvers have achieved great success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Qinglong Ma , Peizhi Zhao , Sen Wang , Tao Song

Neural operators can learn nonlinear mappings between function spaces and offer a new simulation paradigm for real-time prediction of complex dynamics for realistic diverse applications as well as for system identification in science and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-03-23 Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , Shengze Cai , Zhiping Mao , Somdatta Goswami , Zhongqiang Zhang , George Em Karniadakis

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is a challenging task that has been investigated in various domains such as finance investment, health care, traffic, and weather forecasting. In recent years, Linear-based LTSF models showed better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Seonkyu Lim , Jaehyeon Park , Seojin Kim , Hyowon Wi , Haksoo Lim , Jinsung Jeon , Jeongwhan Choi , Noseong Park

Global urbanization has underscored the significance of urban microclimates for human comfort, health, and building/urban energy efficiency. They profoundly influence building design and urban planning as major environmental impacts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Wenhui Peng , Shaoxiang Qin , Senwen Yang , Jianchun Wang , Xue Liu , Liangzhu Leon Wang

Recent progress in AI has established neural operators as powerful tools that can predict the evolution of partial differential equations, such as the Navier-Stokes equations. Some complex problems rely on sophisticated algorithms to deal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Paolo Guida , William L. Roberts

Neural operators have emerged as powerful tools for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, standard spectral methods based on Fourier transforms struggle with problems involving discontinuous…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Giorgio M. Cavallazzi , Miguel Pérez Cuadrado , Alfredo Pinelli

Physical systems whose dynamics are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) find applications in numerous fields, from engineering design to weather forecasting. The process of obtaining the solution from such PDEs may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Pratyush Bhatt , Yash Kumar , Azzeddine Soulaimani

The scientific computation methods development in conjunction with artificial intelligence technologies remains a hot research topic. Finding a balance between lightweight and accurate computations is a solid foundation for this direction.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Nikita Sakovich , Dmitry Aksenov , Ekaterina Pleshakova , Sergey Gataullin

Neural operators have emerged as powerful tools for learning solution operators of partial differential equations. However, in time-dependent problems, standard training strategies such as teacher forcing introduce a mismatch between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zaijun Ye , Chen-Song Zhang , Wansheng Wang

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have demonstrated exceptional accuracy in mapping functional spaces by leveraging Fourier transforms to establish a connection with underlying physical principles. However, their opaque inner workings often…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-04 Marco Cayuela , Vincent Le Chenadec , Peter Schmid , Taraneh Sayadi

The use of neural operators in a digital twin model of an offshore floating structure can provide a paradigm shift in structural response prediction and health monitoring, providing valuable information for real-time control. In this work,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-12-04 Qianying Cao , Somdatta Goswami , Tapas Tripura , Souvik Chakraborty , George Em Karniadakis

Long-term, high-fidelity simulation of slow-changing physical systems, such as the ocean and climate, presents a fundamental challenge in scientific computing. Traditional autoregressive machine learning models often fail in these tasks as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuan Gao , Hao Wu , Fan Xu , Yanfei Xiang , Ruijian Gou , Ruiqi Shu , Qingsong Wen , Xian Wu , Kun Wang , Xiaomeng Huang

This short note proposes a model-driven conditional Fourier neural operator (MD-CFNO) for synthetic turbulence generation. Spectrum-consistent synthetic turbulence is essential for inflow boundary construction in computational fluid…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-22 Hongyuan Lin , Shizhao Wang

Neural operators have emerged as promising surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but struggle to generalise beyond training distributions and are often constrained to a fixed temporal discretisation. This work…

Fourier neural operators (FNOs) are a recently introduced neural network architecture for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs), which have been shown to perform significantly better than comparable deep…

Neural operators have achieved strong performance in learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs), but their inherently continuous representations struggle to capture discontinuities and sharp transitions. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ha Dang , Sebastian Schmidt , Juergen Hesser

Neural operator learning accelerates PDE solution by approximating operators as mappings between continuous function spaces. Yet in many engineering settings, varying geometry induces discrete structural changes, including topological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jinshuai Bai , Haolin Li , Zahra Sharif Khodaei , M. H. Aliabadi , YuanTong Gu , Xi-Qiao Feng

This paper introduces a data-driven operator learning method for multiscale partial differential equations, with a particular emphasis on preserving high-frequency information. Drawing inspiration from the representation of multiscale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Bo Xu , Xinliang Liu , Lei Zhang