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Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) is an effective tuning method for adapting pretrained Vision Transformers (ViTs) to downstream tasks. It leverages extra learnable tokens, known as prompts, which steer the frozen pretrained ViTs. Although VPT has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Seungryong Yoo , Eunji Kim , Dahuin Jung , Jungbeom Lee , Sungroh Yoon

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for interpreting and steering the internal representations of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional approaches to analyzing SAEs typically rely solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dong Shu , Xuansheng Wu , Haiyan Zhao , Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu

Recently, vision transformer (ViT) and its variants have achieved promising performances in various computer vision tasks. Yet the high computational costs and training data requirements of ViTs limit their application in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Hao Yu , Jianxin Wu

While transformers have surpassed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in various computer vision tasks, microelectronics defect detection still largely relies on CNNs. We hypothesize that this gap is due to the fact that a) transformers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Nikolai Röhrich , Alwin Hoffmann , Richard Nordsieck , Emilio Zarbali , Alireza Javanmardi

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) enable feature-level mechanistic interpretability and activation steering in large language models (LLMs), but SAE-based language control remains unreliable in multilingual settings: most SAEs are trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yusser Al Ghussin , Daniil Gurgurov , Tanja Baeumel , Josef van Genabith , Patrick Schramowski , Simon Ostermann

Deep learning models are increasingly utilized on resource-constrained edge devices for real-time data analytics. Recently, Vision Transformer and their variants have shown exceptional performance in various computer vision tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xiang Liu , Yijun Song , Xia Li , Yifei Sun , Huiying Lan , Zemin Liu , Linshan Jiang , Jialin Li

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are designed to extract interpretable features from language models by enforcing a sparsity constraint. Ideally, training an SAE would yield latents that are both sparse and semantically meaningful. However, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiaoqing Sun , Alessandro Stolfo , Joshua Engels , Ben Wu , Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Mrinmaya Sachan , Max Tegmark

Deep learning models often rely only on a small set of features even when there is a rich set of predictive signals in the training data. This makes models brittle and sensitive to distribution shifts. In this work, we first examine vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Armand Mihai Nicolicioiu , Andrei Liviu Nicolicioiu , Bogdan Alexe , Damien Teney

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) are an interpretability technique aimed at decomposing neural network activations into interpretable units. However, a major bottleneck for SAE development has been the lack of high-quality performance metrics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Adam Karvonen , Can Rager , Samuel Marks , Neel Nanda

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have proven to be powerful tools for interpreting neural networks by decomposing hidden representations into disentangled, interpretable features via sparsity constraints. However, conventional SAEs are…

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models for learning latent representations. Standard VAEs generate dispersed and unstructured latent spaces by utilizing all dimensions, which limits their interpretability, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Farshad Sangari Abiz , Reshad Hosseini , Babak N. Araabi

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have become an important tool in mechanistic interpretability, helping to analyze internal representations in both Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs). By decomposing polysemantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jakub Stępień , Marcin Mazur , Jacek Tabor , Przemysław Spurek

Vision transformers (ViTs) have recently received explosive popularity, but the huge computational cost is still a severe issue. Since the computation complexity of ViT is quadratic with respect to the input sequence length, a mainstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yifan Xu , Zhijie Zhang , Mengdan Zhang , Kekai Sheng , Ke Li , Weiming Dong , Liqing Zhang , Changsheng Xu , Xing Sun

In recent years, vision transformers (ViTs) have emerged as powerful and promising techniques for computer vision tasks such as image classification, object detection, and segmentation. Unlike convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Shaibal Saha , Lanyu Xu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are normally regarded as a stack of transformer layers. In this work, we propose a novel view of ViTs showing that they can be seen as ensemble networks containing multiple parallel paths with different lengths.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Shuning Chang , Pichao Wang , Hao Luo , Fan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in semantic segmentation but are hindered by high computational and memory costs. To address this, we propose STEP (SuperToken and Early-Pruning), a hybrid token-reduction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Michal Szczepanski , Martyna Poreba , Karim Haroun

Vision transformers (ViT) have been of broad interest in recent theoretical and empirical works. They are state-of-the-art thanks to their attention-based approach, which boosts the identification of key features and patterns within images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Victor Quétu , Marta Milovanovic , Enzo Tartaglione

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved state-of-the-art accuracy on various computer vision tasks. However, their high computational complexity prevents them from being applied to many real-world applications. Weight and token pruning are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Dhruv Parikh , Shouyi Li , Bingyi Zhang , Rajgopal Kannan , Carl Busart , Viktor Prasanna

Scaling video diffusion transformers (DiTs) is limited by their quadratic 3D attention, even though most of the attention mass concentrates on a small subset of positions. We turn this observation into VSA, a trainable, hardware-efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Peiyuan Zhang , Yongqi Chen , Haofeng Huang , Will Lin , Zhengzhong Liu , Ion Stoica , Eric Xing , Hao Zhang

In recent years, Transformers have achieved remarkable progress in computer vision tasks. However, their global modeling often comes with substantial computational overhead, in stark contrast to the human eye's efficient information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yuguang Zhang , Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang