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A promising approach for steering auditory attention in complex listening environments relies on Auditory Attention Decoding (AAD), which aim to identify the attended speech stream in a multiple speaker scenario from neural recordings.…

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has outpaced the scalability of traditional evaluation benchmarks, which remain heavily dependent on labor-intensive expert curation. We address this bottleneck with Conv-to-Bench, a…

An essential problem in artificial intelligence is whether LLMs can simulate human cognition or merely imitate surface-level behaviors, while existing datasets suffer from either synthetic reasoning traces or population-level aggregation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuxuan Gu , Lunjun Liu , Xiaocheng Feng , Kun Zhu , Weihong Zhong , Lei Huang , Bing Qin

This paper introduces a scalable causal inference framework for estimating the immediate, session-level effects of on-demand human tutoring embedded within adaptive learning systems. Because students seek assistance at moments of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kirk Vanacore , Danielle R Thomas , Digory Smith , Bibi Groot , Justin Reich , Rene Kizilcec

Large language models (LLMs) can exhibit concept-conditioned semantic divergence: common high-level cues (e.g., ideologies, public figures) elicit unusually uniform, stance-like responses that evade token-trigger audits. This behavior falls…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Nay Myat Min , Long H. Pham , Yige Li , Jun Sun

Cognitive control, the ability of a system to adapt to the demands of a task, is an integral part of cognition. A widely accepted fact about cognitive control is that it is context-sensitive: Adults and children alike infer information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Rachit Dubey , Erin Grant , Michael Luo , Karthik Narasimhan , Thomas Griffiths

This paper explores the potential of large language models (LLMs) as reliable analytical tools in linguistic research, focusing on the emergence of affective meanings in temporal expressions involving manner-of-motion verbs. While LLMs like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Rosa Illan Castillo , Javier Valenzuela

As AI agents surpass human capabilities, scalable oversight -- the problem of effectively supplying human feedback to potentially superhuman AI models -- becomes increasingly critical to ensure alignment. While numerous scalable oversight…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Abhimanyu Pallavi Sudhir , Jackson Kaunismaa , Arjun Panickssery

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advances in integrating visual and linguistic information, yet their ability to reason about complex and real-world scenarios remains limited. The existing benchmarks are…

The paper explores how the human natural language structure can be seen as a product of evolution of inter-personal communication code, targeting maximisation of such culture-agnostic and cross-lingual metrics such as anti-entropy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Anton Kolonin

Introduction: Healthcare AI models often inherit biases from their training data. While efforts have primarily targeted bias in structured data, mental health heavily depends on unstructured data. This study aims to detect and mitigate…

Accurate assessment of cognitive decline from spontaneous speech remains challenging due to limited dataset size and class imbalance. In this work, we propose a large language model (LLM)-driven data augmentation framework to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Si-Belkacem Yamine Ketir , Lenard Paulo Tamayo , Shohei Hisada , Shaowen Peng , Shoko Wakamiya , Eiji Aramaki

Large language model (LLM) providers boast big numbers for maximum context window sizes. To test the real world use of context windows, we 1) define a concept of maximum effective context window, 2) formulate a testing method of a context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Norman Paulsen

Long-horizon conversational agents require persistent memory for coherent reasoning, yet uncontrolled accumulation causes temporal decay and false memory propagation. Benchmarks such as LOCOMO and LOCCO report performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Biological memory solves a problem that eludes current AI: storing specific episodic facts without corrupting general semantic knowledge. Complementary Learning Systems theory explains this through two subsystems - a fast hippocampal system…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-05 Oliver Zahn , Matt Beton , Simran Chana

Human cognition typically involves thinking through abstract, fluid concepts rather than strictly using discrete linguistic tokens. Current reasoning models, however, are constrained to reasoning within the boundaries of human language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhen Zhang , Xuehai He , Weixiang Yan , Ao Shen , Chenyang Zhao , Shuohang Wang , Yelong Shen , Xin Eric Wang

Dialogue act recognition is a fundamental task for an intelligent dialogue system. Previous work models the whole dialog to predict dialog acts, which may bring the noise from unrelated sentences. In this work, we design a hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Zhigang Dai , Jinhua Fu , Qile Zhu , Hengbin Cui , Xiaolong li , Yuan Qi

This work describes our group's submission to the PROCESS Challenge 2024, with the goal of assessing cognitive decline through spontaneous speech, using three guided clinical tasks. This joint effort followed a holistic approach,…

Recent advances in reasoning models and agentic AI systems have led to an increased reliance on diverse external information. However, this shift introduces input contexts that are inherently noisy, a reality that current sanitized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Seongyun Lee , Yongrae Jo , Minju Seo , Moontae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Despite the rapid progress of open-domain generation-based conversational agents, most deployed systems treat dialogue contexts as single-turns, while systems dealing with multi-turn contexts are less studied. There is a lack of a reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Yujie Xing , Jon Atle Gulla