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With video games now generating the highest revenues in the entertainment industry, optimizing game development workflows has become essential for the sector's sustained growth. Recent advancements in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Mohammad Reza Taesiri , Abhijay Ghildyal , Saman Zadtootaghaj , Nabajeet Barman , Cor-Paul Bezemer

Real-world multimodal agents solve multi-step workflows grounded in visual evidence. For example, an agent can troubleshoot a device by linking a wiring photo to a schematic and validating the fix with online documentation, or plan a trip…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhaochen Su , Jincheng Gao , Hangyu Guo , Zhenhua Liu , Lueyang Zhang , Xinyu Geng , Shijue Huang , Peng Xia , Guanyu Jiang , Cheng Wang , Yue Zhang , Yi R. Fung , Junxian He

Assisting non-expert users to develop complex interactive websites has become a popular task for LLM-powered code agents. However, existing code agents tend to only generate frontend web pages, masking the lack of real full-stack data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zimu Lu , Houxing Ren , Yunqiao Yang , Ke Wang , Zhuofan Zong , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

Real-world visualization tasks involve complex, multi-modal requirements that extend beyond simple text-to-chart generation, requiring reference images, code examples, and iterative refinement. Current systems exhibit fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jinwei Lu , Yuanfeng Song , Chen Zhang , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong

Visual documentation is an effective tool for reducing the cognitive barrier developers face when understanding unfamiliar code, enabling more intuitive comprehension. Compared to textual documentation, it provides a higher-level…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Luís F. Gomes , Xin Zhou , David Lo , Rui Abreu

We introduce WebGames, a comprehensive benchmark suite designed to evaluate general-purpose web-browsing AI agents through a collection of 50+ interactive challenges. These challenges are specifically crafted to be straightforward for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 George Thomas , Alex J. Chan , Jikun Kang , Wenqi Wu , Filippos Christianos , Fraser Greenlee , Andy Toulis , Marvin Purtorab

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable potential to act as computer agents, enhancing human productivity and software accessibility in multi-modal tasks that require planning and reasoning. However, measuring agent performance in…

We present WebGym, the largest-to-date open-source environment for training realistic visual web agents. Real websites are non-stationary and diverse, making artificial or small-scale task sets insufficient for robust policy learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hao Bai , Alexey Taymanov , Tong Zhang , Aviral Kumar , Spencer Whitehead

Front-end engineering involves a complex workflow where engineers conceptualize designs, translate them into code, and iteratively refine the implementation. While recent benchmarks primarily focus on converting visual designs to code, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Haoyu Sun , Huichen Will Wang , Jiawei Gu , Linjie Li , Yu Cheng

Visual compliance verification is a critical yet underexplored problem in computer vision, especially in domains such as media, entertainment, and advertising where content must adhere to complex and evolving policy rules. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Rahul Ghosh , Baishali Chaudhury , Hari Prasanna Das , Meghana Ashok , Ryan Razkenari , Long Chen , Sungmin Hong , Chun-Hao Liu

Multimodal agents are making rapid progress on general computer-use tasks, yet existing benchmarks remain largely confined to browsers and basic desktop applications, falling short in professional software workflows that dominate real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jiaxin Ai , Yukang Feng , Fanrui Zhang , Jianwen Sun , Zizhen Li , Chuanhao Li , Yifan Chang , Wenxiao Wu , Ruoxi Wang , Mingliang Zhai , Kaipeng Zhang

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) advance, MLLM-based virtual agents have demonstrated remarkable performance. However, existing benchmarks face significant limitations, including uncontrollable task complexity, extensive manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wendong Bu , Yang Wu , Qifan Yu , Minghe Gao , Bingchen Miao , Zhenkui Zhang , Kaihang Pan , Yunfei Li , Mengze Li , Wei Ji , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a new era marked by the development of autonomous applications in real-world scenarios, which drives innovation in creating advanced web agents. Existing web agents typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Yong Dai , Hongming Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at algorithmic code generation, they struggle with front-end development, where correctness is judged on rendered pixels and interaction. We present ReLook, an agentic, vision-grounded reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yuhang Li , Chenchen Zhang , Ruilin Lv , Ao Liu , Ken Deng , Yuanxing Zhang , Jiaheng Liu , Wiggin Zhou , Bo Zhou

From professional research to everyday planning, many tasks are bottlenecked by wide-scale information seeking, which is more repetitive than cognitively complex. With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), automated search…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Ryan Wong , Jiawei Wang , Junjie Zhao , Li Chen , Yan Gao , Long Zhang , Xuan Zhou , Zuo Wang , Kai Xiang , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Yang Wang , Ke Wang

The HyperText Markup Language 5 (HTML5) <canvas> is useful for creating visual-centric web applications. However, unlike traditional web applications, HTML5 <canvas> applications render objects onto the <canvas> bitmap without representing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Finlay Macklon , Cor-Paul Bezemer

As LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-life scenarios, existing benchmarks fail to capture their inherent complexity of handling extensive information, leveraging diverse resources, and managing dynamic user interactions. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Wei He , Yueqing Sun , Hongyan Hao , Xueyuan Hao , Zhikang Xia , Qi Gu , Chengcheng Han , Dengchang Zhao , Hui Su , Kefeng Zhang , Man Gao , Xi Su , Xiaodong Cai , Xunliang Cai , Yu Yang , Yunke Zhao

LLM-based agents score well on search benchmarks, yet real users consistently find results unsatisfying, revealing a persistent evaluation-experience gap. We attribute this gap to existing benchmarks' reliance on over-specified queries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xiaohongshu Inc

We introduce the task of text-to-diagram generation, which focuses on creating structured visual representations directly from textual descriptions. Existing approaches in text-to-image and text-to-code generation lack the logical…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Jingxuan Wei , Cheng Tan , Qi Chen , Gaowei Wu , Siyuan Li , Zhangyang Gao , Linzhuang Sun , Bihui Yu , Ruifeng Guo

Despite rapid progress on coding agents, progress on their multimodal counterparts has lagged behind. A key challenge is the scarcity of evaluation testbeds that combine the complexity of software development with the need for deep…