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Three-dimensional geospatial analysis is critical for applications in urban planning, climate adaptation, and environmental assessment. However, current methodologies depend on costly, specialized sensors, such as LiDAR and multispectral…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mai Tsujimoto , Junjue Wang , Weihao Xuan , Naoto Yokoya

Text-to-3D generation has advanced rapidly, yet state-of-the-art models, encompassing both optimization-based and feed-forward architectures, still face two fundamental limitations. First, they struggle with coarse semantic alignment, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Weimin Bai , Yubo Li , Weijian Luo , Zeqiang Lai , Yequan Wang , Wenzheng Chen , He Sun

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in 2D vision and language tasks. However, their ability to reason about spatial arrangements remains limited. In this work, we introduce Spatial Region GPT (SpatialRGPT)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 An-Chieh Cheng , Hongxu Yin , Yang Fu , Qiushan Guo , Ruihan Yang , Jan Kautz , Xiaolong Wang , Sifei Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have undergone rapid development in advancing geospatial scene understanding. Recent studies have sought to enhance the reasoning capabilities of remote sensing MLLMs, typically through cold-start…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Di Wang , Shunyu Liu , Wentao Jiang , Fengxiang Wang , Yi Liu , Xiaolei Qin , Zhiming Luo , Chaoyang Zhou , Haonan Guo , Jing Zhang , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao , Liangpei Zhang

Remote sensing (RS) visual grounding aims to use natural language expression to locate specific objects (in the form of the bounding box or segmentation mask) in RS images, enhancing human interaction with intelligent RS interpretation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yue Zhou , Mengcheng Lan , Xiang Li , Litong Feng , Yiping Ke , Xue Jiang , Qingyun Li , Xue Yang , Wayne Zhang

Despite impressive advancements in Visual-Language Models (VLMs) for multi-modal tasks, their reliance on RGB inputs limits precise spatial understanding. Existing methods for integrating spatial cues, such as point clouds or depth, either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yang Liu , Ming Ma , Xiaomin Yu , Pengxiang Ding , Han Zhao , Mingyang Sun , Siteng Huang , Donglin Wang

In the field of multimodal chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, existing approaches predominantly rely on reasoning on pure language space, which inherently suffers from language bias and is largely confined to math or science domains. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiacong Wang , Zijian Kang , Haochen Wang , Haiyong Jiang , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Ya Wang , Jiao Ran , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Jun Xiao

Mathematical reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, requiring logical deduction, symbolic manipulation, and abstract thinking. Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on geometry problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yingji Zhang , Yong Dai , André Freitas

The application of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in remote sensing (RS) image understanding has achieved notable progress, demonstrating the basic ability to recognize and describe geographical entities. However, existing RS-VLMs are mostly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Xianzhi Ma , Jianhui Li , Changhua Pei , Hao Liu

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in semantic tasks, they frequently lack the "spatial sense" essential for sophisticated geometric reasoning. Current models typically suffer from exorbitant modality-alignment costs and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yi Zhang , Youya Xia , Yong Wang , Meng Song , Xin Wu , Wenjun Wan , Bingbing Liu , AiXue Ye , Hongbo Zhang , Feng Wen

Recent studies have extended the application of large language models (LLMs) to geographic problems, revealing surprising geospatial competence even without explicit spatial supervision. However, LLMs still face challenges in spatial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jinfan Tang , Kunming Wu , Ruifeng Gongxie , Yuya He , Yuankai Wu

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced greatly in general tasks. However, they still face challenges in geometric reasoning, a task that requires synergistic integration of visual recognition proficiency and complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhihao Li , Yao Du , Yang Liu , Yan Zhang , Yufang Liu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Charles Ling , Boyu Wang

We introduce GSU, a text-only grid dataset to evaluate the spatial reasoning capabilities of LLMs over 3 core tasks: navigation, object localization, and structure composition. By forgoing visual inputs, isolating spatial reasoning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Risham Sidhu , Julia Hockenmaier

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate exceptional semantic reasoning but struggle with 3D spatial perception when restricted to pure RGB inputs. Despite leveraging implicit geometric priors from 3D reconstruction models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jiaxin Zhang , Junjun Jiang , Haijie Li , Youyu Chen , Kui Jiang , Dave Zhenyu Chen

Multimodal large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in 2D vision, motivating their extension to 3D scene understanding. Recent studies represent 3D scenes as 3D spatial videos composed of image sequences with depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Han Li , Zehao Huang , Jiahui Fu , Naiyan Wang , Si Liu

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) is a critical bridge from vision-language perception to robotics, requiring both language understanding and 3D scene reasoning. Traditional supervised models leverage explicit 3D geometry but exhibit limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Seongmin Jung , Seongho Choi , Gunwoo Jeon , Minsu Cho , Jongwoo Lim

This work tackles the problem of geo-localization with a new paradigm using a large vision-language model (LVLM) augmented with human inference knowledge. A primary challenge here is the scarcity of data for training the LVLM - existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ling Li , Yu Ye , Yao Zhou , Bingchuan Jiang , Wei Zeng

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools, excelling in tasks that integrate visual and textual comprehension, such as image captioning, visual question answering, and image-text retrieval. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ilias Stogiannidis , Steven McDonagh , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

In this work, we introduce the Geometry-Aware Large Reconstruction Model (GeoLRM), an approach which can predict high-quality assets with 512k Gaussians and 21 input images in only 11 GB GPU memory. Previous works neglect the inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Chubin Zhang , Hongliang Song , Yi Wei , Yu Chen , Jiwen Lu , Yansong Tang

Video spatial reasoning, which involves inferring the underlying spatial structure from observed video frames, poses a significant challenge for existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). This limitation stems primarily from 1) the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Kun Ouyang , Yuanxin Liu , Haoning Wu , Yi Liu , Hao Zhou , Jie Zhou , Fandong Meng , Xu Sun