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This paper asks whether large language models (LLMs) can be used to study the strategic foundations of conflict and cooperation. I introduce LLMs as experimental subjects in a repeated security dilemma and evaluate whether they reproduce…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Maxim Chupilkin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in reasoning, planning, and decision-making tasks, making their trustworthiness critical. A significant and underexplored risk is intentional deception, where an LLM deliberately fabricates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhaomin Wu , Mingzhe Du , See-Kiong Ng , Bingsheng He

Quantifying the deceptive potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for AI safety, yet difficult to achieve in uncontrolled environments. This work investigates the reasoning, persuasion, and deceptive capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Niklas Bauer

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has great potential to reshape the landscape of many social media platforms. While this can bring promising opportunities, it also raises many threats, such as biases and privacy concerns, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Kristina Radivojevic , Nicholas Clark , Paul Brenner

Self-evolving agents offer a promising path toward scalable autonomy. However, in this work, we show that in competitive environments, self-evolution can instead give rise to a serious and previously underexplored risk: the spontaneous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zonghao Ying , Haowen Dai , Tianyuan Zhang , Yisong Xiao , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

Recent research on large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to understand and employ deceptive behavior, even without explicit prompting. However, such behavior has only been observed in rare, specialized cases and has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Laurène Vaugrante , Francesca Carlon , Maluna Menke , Thilo Hagendorff

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly capable of autonomous decision-making, they introduce new challenges and opportunities for human-AI cooperation in mixed-motive contexts. While prior research has primarily examined AI in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Guanxuan Jiang , Shirao Yang , Yuyang Wang , Pan Hui

While advances in fairness and alignment have helped mitigate overt biases exhibited by large language models (LLMs) when explicitly prompted, we hypothesize that these models may still exhibit implicit biases when simulating human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Yuxuan Li , Hirokazu Shirado , Sauvik Das

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown remarkable progress in social deduction games (SDGs). However, existing approaches primarily focus on information processing and strategy selection, overlooking the significance of persuasive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhang Zheng , Deheng Ye , Peilin Zhao , Hao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive fluency and reasoning capabilities, but their potential for misuse has raised growing concern. In this paper, we present ScamAgent, an autonomous multi-turn agent built on top of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sanket Badhe

Within the framework of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Social Learning is a new class of algorithms that enables agents to reshape the reward function of other agents with the goal of promoting cooperation and achieving higher global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Paul Chelarescu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have incorporated planning and reasoning capabilities, enabling models to outline steps before execution and provide transparent reasoning paths. This enhancement has reduced errors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Sudarshan Kamath Barkur , Sigurd Schacht , Johannes Scholl

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems where agents communicate in natural language to solve tasks jointly. A key capability in such systems is consensus formation, where agents iteratively exchange…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaolin Sun , Zixuan Liu , Yibin Hu , Zizhan Zheng

We propose a formalism to model and reason about reconfigurable multi-agent systems. In our formalism, agents interact and communicate in different modes so that they can pursue joint tasks; agents may dynamically synchronize, exchange…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Yehia Abd Alrahman , Nir Piterman

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) Agents in playing the strategic social deduction game, Resistance Avalon. Players in Avalon are challenged not only to make informed decisions based on dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jonathan Light , Min Cai , Sheng Shen , Ziniu Hu

Multi-agent systems built on large language models have shown strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, yet most work focuses on agent roles and orchestration while treating inter-agent communication as a fixed interface. Latent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ye Yu , Heming Liu , Haibo Jin , Xiaopeng Yuan , Peng Kuang , Haohan Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly utilized in AI-aided education to support tutoring and learning. Effective communication strategies among LLM agents improve collaborative problem-solving efficiency and facilitate…

As large language model (LLM) agents become more prevalent in real world social settings, social intelligence will play an increasingly critical role. But social intelligence is still a poorly defined construct, for humans and artificial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 David Shoresh , Sarit Kraus , Yonatan Loewenstein

With the recent development of natural language generation models - termed as large language models (LLMs) - a potential use case has opened up to improve the way that humans interact with robot assistants. These LLMs should be able to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Mitchell Rosser , Marc. G Carmichael

Many tasks in AI require the collaboration of multiple agents. Typically, the communication protocol between agents is manually specified and not altered during training. In this paper we explore a simple neural model, called CommNet, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus