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A conventional LLM Unlearning setting consists of two subsets -"forget" and "retain", with the objectives of removing the undesired knowledge from the forget set while preserving the remaining knowledge from the retain. In privacy-focused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Praveen Bushipaka , Lucia Passaro , Tommaso Cucinotta

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in the field of machine learning, particularly in neural networks. When a neural network learns to perform well on a new task, it often forgets its previously acquired knowledge or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Nuri Korhan , Ceren Öner

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in real-world settings increasingly face the need to unlearn sensitive, outdated, or proprietary information. Existing unlearning methods typically formulate forgetting and retention as a regularized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Taha Entesari , Arman Hatami , Rinat Khaziev , Anil Ramakrishna , Mahyar Fazlyab

The rapid progress of AI, combined with its unprecedented public adoption and the propensity of large neural networks to memorize training data, has given rise to significant data privacy concerns. To address these concerns, machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Ali Abbasi , Chayne Thrash , Elaheh Akbari , Daniel Zhang , Soheil Kolouri

Continual learning aims to alleviate catastrophic forgetting when handling consecutive tasks under non-stationary distributions. Gradient-based meta-learning algorithms have shown the capability to implicitly solve the transfer-interference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xiaohan Zou , Tong Lin

Forgetting is often seen as an unwanted characteristic in both human and machine learning. However, we propose that forgetting can in fact be favorable to learning. We introduce "forget-and-relearn" as a powerful paradigm for shaping the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Hattie Zhou , Ankit Vani , Hugo Larochelle , Aaron Courville

In this paper, we consider the problem of fine-grained image retrieval in an incremental setting, when new categories are added over time. On the one hand, repeatedly training the representation on the extended dataset is time-consuming. On…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Wei Chen , Yu Liu , Weiping Wang , Tinne Tuytelaars , Erwin M. Bakker , Michael Lew

Humans can continuously learn new knowledge. However, machine learning models suffer from drastic dropping in performance on previous tasks after learning new tasks. Cognitive science points out that the competition of similar knowledge is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Runqi Wang , Yuxiang Bao , Baochang Zhang , Jianzhuang Liu , Wentao Zhu , Guodong Guo

Machine unlearning for large language models (LLMs) aims to remove targeted knowledge while preserving general capability. In this paper, we recast LLM unlearning as an asymmetric two-task problem: retention is the primary objective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zeguan Xiao , Siqing Li , Yong Wang , Xuetao Wei , Jian Yang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Training machine learning models requires the storage of large datasets, which often contain sensitive or private data. Storing data is associated with a number of potential risks which increase over time, such as database breaches and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Aviraj Newatia , Michael Cooper , Viet Nguyen , Rahul G. Krishnan

Machine unlearning refers to the task of removing a subset of training data, thereby removing its contributions to a trained model. Approximate unlearning are one class of methods for this task which avoid the need to retrain the model from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Ambrish Rawat , James Requeima , Wessel Bruinsma , Richard Turner

Machine unlearning has emerged as a new paradigm to deliberately forget data samples from a given model in order to adhere to stringent regulations. However, existing machine unlearning methods have been primarily focused on classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Guihong Li , Hsiang Hsu , Chun-Fu Chen , Radu Marculescu

Machine unlearning has emerged as a critical capability for addressing privacy, safety, and regulatory concerns in large language models (LLMs). Existing methods operate at the sequence level, applying uniform updates across all tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiawei Wu , Doudou Zhou

Large language models deployed in sensitive applications increasingly require the ability to unlearn specific knowledge, such as user requests, copyrighted materials, or outdated information, without retraining from scratch to ensure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sadia Asif , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

Machine unlearning (MU) is becoming a promising paradigm to achieve the "right to be forgotten", where the training trace of any chosen data points could be eliminated, while maintaining the model utility on general testing samples after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Junjie Chen , Qian Chen , Jian Lou , Xiaoyu Zhang , Kai Wu , Zilong Wang

Nowadays, machine learning models, especially neural networks, become prevalent in many real-world applications.These models are trained based on a one-way trip from user data: as long as users contribute their data, there is no way to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Yang Liu , Zhuo Ma , Ximeng Liu , Jian Liu , Zhongyuan Jiang , Jianfeng Ma , Philip Yu , Kui Ren

A common challenge in continual learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where the performance on old tasks drops after new, additional tasks are learned. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ReCL to slow down forgetting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Pascal Janetzky , Tobias Schlagenhauf , Stefan Feuerriegel

Machine unlearning is an emerging technology that has come to attract widespread attention. A number of factors, including regulations and laws, privacy, and usability concerns, have resulted in this need to allow a trained model to forget…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Wei Zhao

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

Machine unlearning aims to remove the contribution of designated training data from a trained model while preserving performance on the remaining data. Existing work mainly focuses on single-task settings, whereas modern models often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ying-Hua Huang , Rui Fang , Hsi-Wen Chen , Ming-Syan Chen