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Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) generalizes and goes beyond conventional diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (D-RIS) by interconnecting elements to generate beyond diagonal scattering matrices, which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-14 Hamad Yahya , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Merouane Debbah

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a holographic MIMO surface composed of a large number of passive elements that can induce adjustable phase shifts to the impinging waves. By creating virtual line-of-sight (LOS) paths between…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-06 Mehdi Haghshenas , Parisa Ramezani , Maurizio Magarini , Emil Björnson

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can shape the radio propagation environment by virtue of changing the impinging electromagnetic waves towards any desired directions, thus, breaking the general Snell's reflection law. However, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-15 Jiguang He , Henk Wymeersch , Markku Juntti

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology has emerged as a key enabler for future wireless communications. However, its potential is constrained by the difficulty of acquiring accurate user-to-RIS channel state information (CSI),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Md. Shahriar Sadid , Ali A. Nasir , Saad Al-Ahmadi , Samir Al-Ghadhban

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Conventional RIS is constrained to a diagonal scattering matrix, which limits its flexibility. Recently, beyond-diagonal RIS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Zheyu Wu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) alters the reflection of incoming signals based on the phase-shift configuration assigned to its elements. This feature can be used to improve the signal strength for user equipments (UEs), expand…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-19 Alva Kosasih , Ozlem Tugfe Demir , Emil Bjornson

In this letter, we investigate the transmission of a complex-valued parameter vector from a transmitter to an intended receiver, considering both the presence and absence of an eavesdropper. The direct links from the transmitter to both the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-12 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Sinan Gezici

This paper proposes a correlation-based three-stage channel estimation strategy with low pilot overhead for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided millimeter wave (mmWave) multi-user (MU) MIMO systems, in which both users and base…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Liuchang Zhuo , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Ruisong Weng , Shi Jin , A. Lee Swindlehurst , Jiangzhou Wang

This paper proposes a two-stage approach for passive and active beamforming in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference channels (ICs) assisted by a beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS). In the first stage,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ignacio Santamaria , Mohammad Soleymani , Eduard Jorswieck , Jesus Gutierrez

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) have recently gained attention as an enhancement to conventional RISs. BD-RISs allow optimizing not only the phase, but also the amplitude responses of their discrete surface…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Atso Iivanainen , Robin Rajamäki , Visa Koivunen

Non-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) offer enhanced wireless signal manipulation over conventional RIS by enabling the incident signal on any of its $M$ elements to be reflected from another element via an $M \times M$…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Mostafa Samy , Hayder Al-Hraishawi , Abuzar B. M. Adam , Madyan Alsenwi , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Otteresten

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a promising technology for 6G wireless networks, offering more advanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation than conventional diagonal RIS. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Kexin Chen , Yijie Mao , Wonjae Shin

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed recently as a novel and generalized RIS architecture that offers enhanced wave manipulation flexibility and large coverage expansion. However, the beyond-diagonal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been proposed recently as new technology to tune the wireless propagation channels in real-time. However, most of the current works assume single-RIS (S-RIS)-aided systems, which can be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Khaled Ardah , Sepideh Gherekhloo , André L. F. de Almeida , Martin Haardt

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are one of the foremost technological enablers of future wireless systems. They improve communication and localization by providing a strong non-line-of-sight path to the receiver. In this paper,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-26 Kamran Keykhosravi , Henk Wymeersch

This paper investigates the uplink cascaded channel estimation for intelligent-reflecting-surface (IRS)-assisted multi-user multiple-input-single-output systems. We focus on a sub-6 GHz scenario where the channel propagation is not sparse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Huayan Guo , Vincent K. N. Lau

Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) are an emerging hybrid-MIMO technology distinguished by an ultrathin form factor, low cost, and low power consumption. In real-world DMA prototypes, mutual coupling (MC) between meta-elements is generally…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Jean Tapie , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida , Philipp del Hougne

The upper mid-band (UMB) spectrum is a key enabler for 6G systems, yet reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted UMB communications face severe channel estimation challenges due to near-field propagation and transitional scattering,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Jeongjae Lee , Chanwon Kim , Songnam Hong

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can be used to improve the channel gain between a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE), but only if its $N$ reflecting elements are configured properly. This requires accurate estimation of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

Channel estimation in the RIS-aided massive multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) wireless communication systems is challenging due to the passive feature of RIS and the large number of reflecting elements that incur high channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Gui Zhou , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Petar Popovski , A. Lee Swindlehurst