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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable robots to understand and perform complex tasks from multimodal input. Although recent work explores using reinforcement learning (RL) to automate the laborious data collection process in scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Kang Chen , Zhihao Liu , Tonghe Zhang , Zhen Guo , Si Xu , Hao Lin , Hongzhi Zang , Xiang Li , Quanlu Zhang , Zhaofei Yu , Guoliang Fan , Tiejun Huang , Yu Wang , Chao Yu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising paradigm for generalist robotic manipulation by grounding high-level semantic instructions into executable physical actions. However, prevailing approaches typically adopt a monolithic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yifei Wei , Linqing Zhong , Yi Liu , Yuxiang Lu , Xindong He , Maoqing Yao , Guanghui Ren

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models process visual inputs independently at each timestep, discarding valuable temporal information inherent in robotic manipulation tasks. This frame-by-frame processing makes models vulnerable to visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Chenghao Liu , Jiachen Zhang , Chengxuan Li , Zhimu Zhou , Shixin Wu , Songfang Huang , Huiling Duan

Manipulating dynamic objects remains an open challenge for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, which, despite strong generalization in static manipulation, struggle in dynamic scenarios requiring rapid perception, temporal anticipation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Haozhe Xie , Beichen Wen , Jiarui Zheng , Zhaoxi Chen , Fangzhou Hong , Haiwen Diao , Ziwei Liu

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models rely on fixed computational depth, expending the same amount of compute on simple adjustments and complex multi-step manipulation. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enables variable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yalcin Tur , Jalal Naghiyev , Haoquan Fang , Wei-Chuan Tsai , Jiafei Duan , Dieter Fox , Ranjay Krishna

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable generalist robotic manipulation but suffer from high inference latency. This bottleneck stems from the massive number of visual tokens processed by large language backbones. Existing methods either…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuquan Li , Lianjie Ma , Han Ding , Lijun Zhu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies are typically deployed with asynchronous inference: the robot executes a previously predicted action chunk while the model computes the next one. This creates a prediction-execution misalignment: the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yixiang Zhu , Yonghao Chen , Rui Meng , Jingyu Guo , Jiaxiang Zou , Zijie Yang , Taowen Wang , Xinyu Chen

In this paper, we present DiffusionVLA, a novel framework that seamlessly combines the autoregression model with the diffusion model for learning visuomotor policy. Central to our approach is a next-token prediction objective, enabling the…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for building generalist robots. However, traditional VLA models that generate actions through flow matching (FM) typically rely on rigid and uniform time…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuhua Jiang , Shuang Cheng , Yan Ding , Feifei Gao , Biqing Qi

Force/torque feedback can substantially improve Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on contact-rich manipulation, but most existing approaches fuse all modalities at a single operating frequency. This design ignores the mismatched sampling…

We introduce iFlyBot-VLA, a large-scale Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model trained under a novel framework. The main contributions are listed as follows: (1) a latent action model thoroughly trained on large-scale human and robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yuan Zhang , Chenyu Xue , Wenjie Xu , Chao Ji , Jiajia wu , Jia Pan

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently demonstrated strong performance across embodied tasks. Modern VLAs commonly employ diffusion action experts to efficiently generate high-precision continuous action chunks, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Chen Zhao , Zhuoran Wang , Haoyang Li , Shifeng Bao , Guanlin Li , Youhe Feng , Yang Li , Jie Tang , Jing Zhang

Learning a generalizable bimanual manipulation policy is extremely challenging for embodied agents due to the large action space and the need for coordinated arm movements. Existing approaches rely on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chenyou Fan , Fangzheng Yan , Chenjia Bai , Jiepeng Wang , Chi Zhang , Zhen Wang , Xuelong Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models pretrained on large-scale multimodal datasets have emerged as powerful foundations for robotic perception and control. However, their massive scale, often billions of parameters, poses significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yifan Ye , Jiaqi Ma , Jun Cen , Zhihe Lu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved remarkable progress in robotic manipulation by mapping multimodal observations and instructions directly to actions. However, they typically mimic expert trajectories without predictive…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for general-purpose robot control through natural language instructions. However, their high inference cost-stemming from large-scale token computation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xudong Tan , Yaoxin Yang , Peng Ye , Jialin Zheng , Bizhe Bai , Xinyi Wang , Jia Hao , Tao Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities in robotic manipulation tasks, yet their substantial computational overhead remains a critical obstacle to real-world deployment. Improving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yujie Wei , Jiahan Fan , Jiyu Guo , Ruichen Zhen , Rui Shao , Xiu Su , Zeke Xie , Shuo Yang

Recent high-capacity vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated impressive performance on a range of robotic manipulation tasks by imitating human demonstrations. However, exploiting offline data with limited visited states will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guanxing Lu , Wenkai Guo , Chubin Zhang , Yuheng Zhou , Haonan Jiang , Zifeng Gao , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models finetuned from vision-language models (VLMs) hold the promise of leveraging rich pretrained representations to build generalist robots across diverse tasks and environments. However, direct fine-tuning on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Shresth Grover , Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Bo Ai , Henrik I. Christensen , Hao Su , Xuanlin Li

We introduce WAM-Flow, a vision-language-action (VLA) model that casts ego-trajectory planning as discrete flow matching over a structured token space. In contrast to autoregressive decoders, WAM-Flow performs fully parallel, bidirectional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yifang Xu , Jiahao Cui , Feipeng Cai , Zhihao Zhu , Hanlin Shang , Shan Luan , Mingwang Xu , Neng Zhang , Yaoyi Li , Jia Cai , Siyu Zhu