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We study the multi-agent safe control problem where agents should avoid collisions to static obstacles and collisions with each other while reaching their goals. Our core idea is to learn the multi-agent control policy jointly with learning…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Zengyi Qin , Kaiqing Zhang , Yuxiao Chen , Jingkai Chen , Chuchu Fan

As a blockchain platform that has developed vigorously in recent years, Ethereum is different from Bitcoin in that it introduces smart contracts into blockchain.Solidity is one of the most mature and widely used smart contract programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Pengcheng Zhang , Feng Xiao , Xiapu Luo

Smart contract vulnerabilities caused significant economic losses in blockchain applications. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide new possibilities for addressing this time-consuming task. However, state-of-the-art LLM-based detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 ZeKe Xiao , Qin Wang , Hammond Pearce , Shiping Chen

Ethereum Smart Contracts based on Blockchain Technology (BT)enables monetary transactions among peers on a blockchain network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum smart contracts are programs that are deployed as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

Deep Learning methods are becoming prominent in automated software bug detection; however, they lack the global understanding of the given code. Consequently, their performance tends to degrade, especially when they are applied to large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Srita Padmanabhuni , Bhargavi Karuturi , Jerusha Karen Indupalli , Santhan Reddy Chilla , Vivek Yelleti

Software debugging is a time-consuming endeavor involving a series of steps, such as fault localization and patch generation, each requiring thorough analysis and a deep understanding of the underlying logic. While large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Cheryl Lee , Chunqiu Steven Xia , Longji Yang , Jen-tse Huang , Zhouruixin Zhu , Lingming Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

While catastrophic attacks on Ethereum persist, vulnerability research remains fixated on implementation-level smart contract bugs, creating a gap between academic understanding of vulnerabilities and the root causes of high-impact,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Hadis Rezaei , Mojtaba Eshghie , Karl Anderesson , Francesco Palmieri

Smart contracts are blockchain programs that often handle valuable assets. Writing secure smart contracts is far from trivial, and any vulnerability may lead to significant financial losses. To support developers in identifying and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Monika di Angelo , Thomas Durieux , João F. Ferreira , Gernot Salzer

Smart contract decompilation aims to recover high-level source code from bytecode, but evaluating decompilers remains difficult because existing studies use narrow datasets, inconsistent metrics, and limited semantic consistency checks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kaihua Qin , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais

The emerging blockchain technology supports decentralized computing paradigm shift and is a rapidly approaching phenomenon. While blockchain is thought primarily as the basis of Bitcoin, its application has grown far beyond cryptocurrencies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Reza M. Parizi , Ali Dehghantanha , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Amritraj Singh

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is revolutionizing the traditional centralized finance paradigm with its attractive features such as high availability, transparency, and tamper-proofing. However, attacks targeting DeFi services have severely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Yepeng Ding , Arthur Gervais , Roger Wattenhofer , Hiroyuki Sato

Web3 systems expose a fundamentally different security landscape from centralized platforms, characterized by composability, pseudonymous identities, decentralized governance, and rapidly evolving attack strategies that span social,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Stefan Kambiz Behfar , Jon Crowcroft

Vulnerability detection and safety of smart contracts are of paramount importance because of their immutable nature. Symbolic tools like OYENTE and MAIAN are typically used for vulnerability prediction in smart contracts. As these tools are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Ajay K. Gogineni , S. Swayamjyoti , Devadatta Sahoo , Kisor K. Sahu , Raj kishore

Deep learning for vulnerability detection has shown promising results on early benchmarks, but recent evaluations reveal catastrophic degradation: models achieving F1 > 0.68 on legacy datasets collapse to 0.031 under strict deduplication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yongchao Wang , Zhiqiu Huang

Some smart contracts violate decentralization principles by defining privileged accounts that manage other users' assets without permission, introducing centralization risks that have caused financial losses. Existing methods, however, face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wansen Wang , Pu Zhang , Renjie Ji , Wenchao Huang , Zhaoyi Meng , Yan Xiong

The growing dependence of software projects on external libraries has generated apprehensions regarding the security of these libraries because of concealed vulnerabilities. Handling these vulnerabilities presents difficulties due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Hieu Dinh Vo , Thanh Trong Vu , Son Nguyen

In recent years, we have seen a great deal of both academic and practical interest in the topic of vulnerabilities in smart contracts, particularly those developed for the Ethereum blockchain. While most of the work has focused on detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Daniel Perez , Benjamin Livshits

The rise of decentralized applications (dApps) has made smart contracts imperative components of blockchain technology. As many smart contracts process financial transactions, their security is paramount. Moreover, the immutability of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Khalid Hassan , Saeed Moradi , Shaiful Chowdhury , Sara Rouhani

We provide three detailed case studies of vulnerabilities in smart contracts, and show how property-based testing would have found them: 1. the Dexter1 token exchange; 2. the iToken; 3. the ICO of Brave's BAT token. The last example is, in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Mikkel Milo , Eske Hoy Nielsen , Danil Annenkov , Bas Spitters

Smart contracts are fundamental components of blockchain ecosystems; however, their security remains a critical concern due to inherent vulnerabilities. While existing detection methodologies are predominantly syntax-oriented, targeting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ali Fattahdizaji , Mohammad Pishdar , Zarina Shukur
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