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AI agents are increasingly being deployed to automate tasks, often based on underspecified user instructions. Making unwarranted assumptions to compensate for the missing information and failing to ask clarifying questions can lead to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Xuhui Zhou , Akhila Yerukola , Maarten Sap , Graham Neubig

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in deploying LLM agents to undertake tasks in the world. LLMs are often deployed in agent systems: code that orchestrates LLM calls and provides them with tools. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Maxime Robeyns , Martin Szummer , Laurence Aitchison

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in structured biomedical data environments, yet they often produce fluent but overconfident outputs when reasoning over complex multi-table data. We introduce an uncertainty-aware…

The evolution of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced the planning capabilities of language agents in diverse real-world scenarios. Despite these advancements, the potential of LLM-powered agents to comprehend ambiguous user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Xuan Zhang , Yang Deng , Zifeng Ren , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Despite the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains, they frequently exhibit overconfidence when encountering uncertain scenarios, yet existing solutions primarily rely on evasive responses (e.g., "I…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jingyu Liu , Jingquan Peng , xiaopeng Wu , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Bo Zheng , Yong Liu

LLM agents with tool-calling capabilities often fail when user instructions are ambiguous or incomplete, leading to incorrect invocations and task failures. Existing approaches operate in unstructured language spaces, generating clarifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Manan Suri , Puneet Mathur , Nedim Lipka , Franck Dernoncourt , Ryan A. Rossi , Dinesh Manocha

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in software engineering tasks, yet most existing LLM-based SWE-Agents mainly tackle well-defined problems using conventional methods, often overlooking alternative or innovative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Wencheng Ye , Yan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as coding assistants. However, the ambiguity of the developer's prompt often leads to incorrect code generation, as current models struggle to infer user intent without extensive prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Harsh Darji , Thibaud Lutellier

Large-language models (LLMs) and chatbot agents are known to provide wrong outputs at times, and it was recently found that this can never be fully prevented. Hence, uncertainty quantification plays a crucial role, aiming to quantify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Michael Kirchhof , Gjergji Kasneci , Enkelejda Kasneci

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the automation of software development tasks, including code synthesis, program repair, and test generation. More recently, researchers and industry…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yinlin Deng , Soren Dunn , Lingming Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents solve complex tasks through iterative reasoning, exploration, and tool-use, a process that can result in long, expensive context histories. While state-of-the-art Software Engineering (SE) agents like…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Tobias Lindenbauer , Igor Slinko , Ludwig Felder , Egor Bogomolov , Yaroslav Zharov

Agents equipped with search tools have emerged as effective solutions for knowledge-intensive tasks. While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, their high computational cost limits practical deployment for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yizhou Liu , Qi Sun , Yulin Chen , Siyue Zhang , Chen Zhao

The increasing deployment of Large Language Model (LLM) agents for complex software engineering tasks has created a need to understand their problem-solving behaviours beyond simple success metrics. While these agents demonstrate impressive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Oorja Majgaonkar , Zhiwei Fei , Xiang Li , Federica Sarro , He Ye

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving various tasks, yet they often struggle with comprehensively addressing complex and vague problems. Existing approaches, including multi-agent LLM systems,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

Reliable Large Language Models (LLMs) should abstain when confidence is insufficient. However, prior studies often treat refusal as a generic "I don't know'', failing to distinguish input-level ambiguity (data uncertainty) from capability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jingyi Ren , Ante Wang , Yunghwei Lai , Xiaolong Wang , Linlu Gong , Weitao Li , Weizhi Ma , Yang Liu

Embodied agents operating in multi-agent, partially observable, and decentralized environments must plan and act despite pervasive uncertainty about hidden objects and collaborators' intentions. Recent advances in applying Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 SeungWon Seo , SooBin Lim , SeongRae Noh , Haneul Kim , HyeongYeop Kang

Quantifying uncertainty in black-box LLMs is vital for reliable responses and scalable oversight. Existing methods, which gauge a model's uncertainty through evaluating self-consistency in responses to the target query, can be misleading:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yu Feng , Phu Mon Htut , Zheng Qi , Wei Xiao , Manuel Mager , Nikolaos Pappas , Kishaloy Halder , Yang Li , Yassine Benajiba , Dan Roth

We introduce a novel large language model (LLM)-driven agent framework, which iteratively refines queries and filters contextual evidence by leveraging dynamically evolving knowledge. A defining feature of the system is its decoupling of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Seyoung Song

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong performance on self-contained programming tasks. However, they still struggle with repository-level software engineering (SWE), which demands (1) deep codebase navigation with effective context…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kang He , Kaushik Roy

Embodied agents operating in household environments must interpret ambiguous and under-specified human instructions. A capable household robot should recognize ambiguity and ask relevant clarification questions to infer the user intent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ram Ramrakhya , Matthew Chang , Xavier Puig , Ruta Desai , Zsolt Kira , Roozbeh Mottaghi
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