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Diffusion language models promise parallel generation, yet still lag behind autoregressive (AR) models in quality. We stem this gap to a failure of introspective consistency: AR models agree with their own generations, while DLMs often do…

The safe deployment of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) relies on comprehensive testing and evaluation. However, safety-critical scenarios that can effectively expose system vulnerabilities are extremely sparse in the real world. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Naiting Zhong , Yong Shen

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding is a key capability for computer-use agents, mapping natural-language instructions to actionable regions on the screen. Existing Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) approaches typically formulate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shijie Zhou , Viet Dac Lai , Hao Tan , Jihyung Kil , Wanrong Zhu , Changyou Chen , Ruiyi Zhang

The paradigm of Large Language Models (LLMs) is currently defined by auto-regressive (AR) architectures, which generate text through a sequential ``brick-by-brick'' process. Despite their success, AR models are inherently constrained by a…

End-to-end autonomous driving systems based on vision-language-action (VLA) models integrate multimodal sensor inputs and language instructions to generate planning and control signals. While autoregressive large language models and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mingwang Xu , Jiahao Cui , Feipeng Cai , Hanlin Shang , Zhihao Zhu , Shan Luan , Yifang Xu , Neng Zhang , Yaoyi Li , Jia Cai , Siyu Zhu

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) promise parallel generation and bidirectional context, yet they underperform autoregressive (AR) models in both likelihood modeling and generated text quality. We identify that this performance gap arises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Litu Rout , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

A fundamental objective of manipulation policy design is to endow robots to comprehend human instructions, reason about scene cues, and execute generalized actions in dynamic environments. Recent autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Liu , Hao Chen , Pengju An , Zhuoyang Liu , Renrui Zhang , Chenyang Gu , Xiaoqi Li , Ziyu Guo , Sixiang Chen , Mengzhen Liu , Chengkai Hou , Mengdi Zhao , KC alex Zhou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

Ensuring reliable autonomous operation when visual input is degraded remains a key challenge in intelligent vehicles and robotics. We present DepthVision, a multimodal framework that enables Vision--Language Models (VLMs) to exploit LiDAR…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sven Kirchner , Nils Purschke , Ross Greer , Alois C. Knoll

Visual grounding seeks to localize the image region corresponding to a free-form text description. Recently, the strong multimodal capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have driven substantial improvements in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Seil Kang , Jinyeong Kim , Junhyeok Kim , Seong Jae Hwang

GUI agents powered by vision-language models (VLMs) show promise in automating complex digital tasks. However, their effectiveness in real-world applications is often limited by scarce training data and the inherent complexity of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ran Xu , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Joyce C. Ho , Carl Yang , Dong Yu

The tremendous progress in neural image generation, coupled with the emergence of seemingly omnipotent vision-language models has finally enabled text-based interfaces for creating and editing images. Handling generic images requires a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Omri Avrahami , Ohad Fried , Dani Lischinski

Traditional augmented reality (AR) systems predominantly rely on fixed class detectors or fiducial markers, limiting their ability to interpret complex, open-vocabulary natural language queries. We present a modular AR agent system that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Lixing Guo , Tobias Höllerer

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) tasks, yet most NL2SQL systems continue to rely on the autoregressive (AR) paradigm. The highly structured nature of SQL makes…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Peixian Ma , Xialie Zhuang , Jiantao Tan , Changlun Li , Ruirui Chen , Chengwei Qin

Autoregressive (AR) language models build representations incrementally via left-to-right prediction, while diffusion language models (dLLMs) are trained through full-sequence denoising. Although recent dLLMs match AR performance, whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Raghavv Goel , Risheek Garrepalli , Sudhanshu Agrawal , Chris Lott , Mingu Lee , Fatih Porikli

While Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in multi-modal generation, performing precise, training-free image editing remains an open challenge. Unlike continuous diffusion models, the discrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zifeng Zhu , Jiaming Han , Jiaxiang Zhao , Minnan Luo , Xiangyu Yue

Recent advances in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly improve performance in image comprehension tasks, such as formatted charts and rich-content images. Yet, Graphical User Interface (GUI) pose a greater challenge due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ziyang Meng , Yu Dai , Zezheng Gong , Shaoxiong Guo , Minglong Tang , Tongquan Wei

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) and reinforcement learning (RL) have driven progress in GUI automation. However, most existing methods rely on static, one-shot visual inputs and passive perception, lacking the ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chen Chen , Jiawei Shao , Dakuan Lu , Haoyi Hu , Xiangcheng Liu , Hantao Yao , Wu Liu

While autoregressive Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success, their sequential generation often limits their efficacy in complex visual planning and dynamic robotic control. In this work, we investigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiacheng Ye , Shansan Gong , Jiahui Gao , Junming Fan , Shuang Wu , Wei Bi , Haoli Bai , Lifeng Shang , Lingpeng Kong

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that integrate visual and textual reasoning leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to tackle complex visual tasks, yet continue to exhibit visual hallucinations and an over-reliance on textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jing Bi , Guangyu Sun , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance on diverse visual and linguistic tasks, yet they remain fundamentally limited in their understanding of 3D spatial structures. We propose Geometric Distillation, a lightweight,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Seonho Lee , Jiho Choi , Inha Kang , Jiwook Kim , Junsung Park , Hyunjung Shim