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As Large Language Models (LLMs) rise in popularity, it is necessary to assess their capability in critically relevant domains. We present a comprehensive evaluation framework, grounded in science communication research, to assess LLM…

Climate change poses grave challenges, demanding widespread understanding and low-carbon lifestyle awareness. Large language models (LLMs) offer a powerful tool to address this crisis, yet comprehensive evaluations of their climate-crisis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hongyin Zhu , Prayag Tiwari

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence by demonstrating their ability in generating human-like text across diverse topics. However, despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs…

As the issue of global climate change becomes increasingly severe, the demand for research in climate science continues to grow. Natural language processing technologies, represented by Large Language Models (LLMs), have been widely applied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zhou Chen , Xiao Wang , Yuanhong Liao , Ming Lin , Yuqi Bai

Misinformation regarding climate change is a key roadblock in addressing one of the most serious threats to humanity. This paper investigates factual accuracy in large language models (LLMs) regarding climate information. Using true/false…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Michael Fore , Simranjit Singh , Chaehong Lee , Amritanshu Pandey , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Dimitrios Stamoulis

Climate misinformation is a problem that has the potential to be substantially aggravated by the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). In this study we evaluate the potential for LLMs to be part of the solution for mitigating online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Mowafak Allaham , Ayse D. Lokmanoglu , P. Sol Hart , Erik C. Nisbet

Mitigating climate change requires behaviour change. However, even climate-concerned individuals often hold misperceptions about which actions most reduce carbon emissions. We recruited 1201 climate-concerned individuals to examine whether…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Miriam Remshard , Yara Kyrychenko , Sander van der Linden , Matthew H. Goldberg , Anthony Leiserowitz , Elena Savoia , Jon Roozenbeek

Federal agencies and researchers increasingly use large language models to analyze and simulate public opinion. When AI mediates between the public and policymakers, accuracy across intersecting identities becomes consequential; inaccurate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sola Kim , Jieshu Wang , Marco A. Janssen , John M. Anderies

The rapid rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with emerging capabilities has spurred public curiosity to evaluate and compare different LLMs, leading many researchers to propose their own LLM benchmarks. Noticing preliminary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy R. McIntosh , Teo Susnjak , Nalin Arachchilage , Tong Liu , Paul Watters , Malka N. Halgamuge

As multiple crises threaten the sustainability of our societies and pose at risk the planetary boundaries, complex challenges require timely, updated, and usable information. Natural-language processing (NLP) tools enhance and expand data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Francesca Larosa , Sergio Hoyas , H. Alberto Conejero , Javier Garcia-Martinez , Francesco Fuso Nerini , Ricardo Vinuesa

The prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is having an growing impact on the climate due to the substantial energy required for their deployment and use. To create awareness for developers who are implementing LLMs in their products,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-12 K. Pronk , Q. Zhao

Climate-Eval is a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate natural language processing models across a broad range of tasks related to climate change. Climate-Eval aggregates existing datasets along with a newly developed news…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Murathan Kurfalı , Shorouq Zahra , Joakim Nivre , Gabriele Messori

Although most people support climate action, widespread underestimation of others' support stalls individual and systemic changes. In this preregistered experiment, we test whether large language models (LLMs) can reliably predict these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Nattavudh Powdthavee , Sandra J. Geiger

Climate change poses an urgent global threat, needing the rapid identification and deployment of innovative solutions. We hypothesise that many of these solutions already exist within scientific literature but remain underutilised. To…

Large Language Models (LLMs) and, more specifically, the Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPT) can help stakeholders in climate action explore digital knowledge bases and extract and utilize climate action knowledge in a sustainable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Denis Havlik , Marcelo Pias

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential in social science research by emulating human perceptions and behaviors, a concept referred to as algorithmic fidelity. This study assesses the algorithmic fidelity and bias of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 S. Lee , T. Q. Peng , M. H. Goldberg , S. A. Rosenthal , J. E. Kotcher , E. W. Maibach , A. Leiserowitz

Evaluating how Large Language Models (LLMs) handle complex, specialized knowledge remains a critical challenge. We address this through the lens of climate change by introducing CLINB, a benchmark that assesses models on open-ended,…

Climate change is one of the most significant challenges we face together as a society. Creating awareness and educating policy makers the wide-ranging impact of climate change is an essential step towards a sustainable future. Recently,…

We investigate and observe the behaviour and performance of Large Language Model (LLM)-backed chatbots in addressing misinformed prompts and questions with demographic information within the domains of Climate Change and Mental Health.…

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into online platforms and digital communication spaces, their potential to influence public discourse - particularly in contentious areas like climate change - requires…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Wenlu Fan , Wentao Xu
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