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Users interacting with large language models (LLMs) under their real identifiers often unknowingly risk disclosing private information. Automatically notifying users whether their queries leak privacy and which phrases leak what private…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hang Zeng , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Shaojie Tang , Guihai Chen

Responsible use of AI demands that we protect sensitive information without undermining the usefulness of data, an imperative that has become acute in the age of large language models. We address this challenge with an on-premise,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Federico Albanese , Pablo Ronco , Nicolás D'Ippolito

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs), which closely track user data and context, has prompted users to share personal and private information in unprecedented ways. Even when users opt out of allowing their data to be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 GodsGift Uzor , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

The drastic increase of large language models' (LLMs) parameters has led to a new research direction of fine-tuning-free downstream customization by prompts, i.e., task descriptions. While these prompt-based services (e.g. OpenAI's GPTs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zi Liang , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Yaxin Xiao , Haoyang Li

Numerous studies have highlighted the privacy risks associated with pretrained large language models. In contrast, our research offers a unique perspective by demonstrating that pretrained large language models can effectively contribute to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Saiteja Utpala , Sara Hooker , Pin Yu Chen

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven considerable interest in fine-tuning them with domain-specific data to create specialized language models. Nevertheless, such domain-specific fine-tuning data often contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yijia Xiao , Yiqiao Jin , Yushi Bai , Yue Wu , Xianjun Yang , Xiao Luo , Wenchao Yu , Xujiang Zhao , Yanchi Liu , Quanquan Gu , Haifeng Chen , Wei Wang , Wei Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing but also pose significant privacy risks by memorizing and leaking Personally Identifiable Information (PII). Existing mitigation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Ahmed Frikha , Muhammad Reza Ar Razi , Krishna Kanth Nakka , Ricardo Mendes , Xue Jiang , Xuebing Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their tendency to memorize training data poses significant privacy risks, particularly during fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are an integral part of modern AI that have led to breakthrough performances in complex AI tasks. Major AI companies with expensive infrastructures are able to develop and train these large models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Rouzbeh Behnia , Mohamamdreza Ebrahimi , Jason Pacheco , Balaji Padmanabhan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in privacy pipelines to detect and remedy sensitive data leakage. These solutions often rely on the premise that LLMs can reliably recognize human names, one of the most important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Dzung Pham , Peter Kairouz , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Eugene Bagdasarian , Chau Minh Pham , Amir Houmansadr

The large language model (LLM) powered recommendation paradigm has been proposed to address the limitations of traditional recommender systems, which often struggle to handle cold start users or items with new IDs. Despite its…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yubo Wang , Min Tang , Nuo Shen , Shujie Cui , Weiqing Wang

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated significant proficiency in solving a wide range of general natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Researchers have observed a direct correlation between the performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Kennedy Edemacu , Xintao Wu

LLM-powered chatbots are becoming widely adopted in applications such as healthcare, personal assistants, industry hiring decisions, etc. In many of these cases, chatbots are fed sensitive, personal information in their prompts, as samples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Aman Priyanshu , Supriti Vijay , Ayush Kumar , Rakshit Naidu , Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah

The number and dynamic nature of web and mobile applications presents significant challenges for assessing their compliance with data protection laws. In this context, symbolic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , Ian Yang , Jose M. Del Alamo , Norman Sadeh

Current LLM-based services typically require users to submit raw text regardless of its sensitivity. While intuitive, such practice introduces substantial privacy risks, as unauthorized access may expose personal, medical, or legal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jeongho Yoon , Chanhee Park , Yongchan Chun , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Service providers of large language model (LLM) applications collect user instructions in the wild and use them in further aligning LLMs with users' intentions. These instructions, which potentially contain sensitive information, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Da Yu , Peter Kairouz , Sewoong Oh , Zheng Xu

With the increasing applications of language models, it has become crucial to protect these models from leaking private information. Previous work has attempted to tackle this challenge by training RNN-based language models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Weiyan Shi , Aiqi Cui , Evan Li , Ruoxi Jia , Zhou Yu

Federated large language models (FedLLMs) enable cross-silo collaborative training among institutions while preserving data locality, making them appealing for privacy-sensitive domains such as law, finance, and healthcare. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yingqi Hu , Zhuo Zhang , Jingyuan Zhang , Jinghua Wang , Qifan Wang , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu

The field of privacy-preserving Natural Language Processing has risen in popularity, particularly at a time when concerns about privacy grow with the proliferation of Large Language Models. One solution consistently appearing in recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Stephen Meisenbacher , Florian Matthes

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable success across a wide range of applications, such as chatbots and code copilots, concerns surrounding the generation of harmful content have come increasingly into focus. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Wenjie Fu , Huandong Wang , Junyao Gao , Guoan Wan , Tao Jiang