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Small language models (SLMs) are promising for real-world deployment due to their efficiency and low operational cost. However, their limited capacity struggles with high-stakes legal reasoning tasks that require coherent statute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tianchun Li , Haochen Liu , Vishwa Pardeshi , Xingchen Wang , Tianci Liu , Huijun Zhao , Wei Fan , Jing Gao

Being prompted to engage in reasoning has emerged as a core technique for using large language models (LLMs), deploying additional inference-time compute to improve task performance. However, as LLMs increase in both size and adoption,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 C. Nicolò De Sabbata , Theodore R. Sumers , Badr AlKhamissi , Antoine Bosselut , Thomas L. Griffiths

Context: The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked significant interest in leveraging their capabilities for automating code review processes. Prior studies often focus on developing LLMs for code review automation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Chanathip Pornprasit , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn

The rapid rise of Language Models (LMs) has expanded their use in several applications. Yet, due to constraints of model size, associated cost, or proprietary restrictions, utilizing state-of-the-art (SOTA) LLMs is not always feasible. With…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Neelabh Sinha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Large language models (LLMs) have pushed the limits of natural language understanding and exhibited excellent problem-solving ability. Despite the great success, most existing open-source LLMs (e.g., LLaMA-2) are still far away from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Longhui Yu , Weisen Jiang , Han Shi , Jincheng Yu , Zhengying Liu , Yu Zhang , James T. Kwok , Zhenguo Li , Adrian Weller , Weiyang Liu

Modern language models leverage increasingly large numbers of parameters to achieve performance on natural language understanding tasks. Ensembling these models in specific configurations for downstream tasks show even further performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Pranab Islam , Shaan Khosla , Arthur Lok , Mudit Saxena

Large language models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought reasoning achieve state-of-the-art performance across complex problem-solving tasks, but their verbose reasoning traces and large context requirements make them impractical for edge…

With the advent of DeepSeek-R1, a new wave of reinforcement learning (RL) methods has emerged that seem to unlock stronger mathematical reasoning. However, a closer look at the open-source ecosystem reveals a critical limitation: with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Ricardo Dominguez-Olmedo , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Wieland Brendel

Recent progress in the Natural Language Processing domain has given us several State-of-the-Art (SOTA) pretrained models which can be finetuned for specific tasks. These large models with billions of parameters trained on numerous GPUs/TPUs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Kamal Raj Kanakarajan , Bhuvana Kundumani , Malaikannan Sankarasubbu

In this paper, we ask: what truly determines the effectiveness of RL training data for enhancing language models' reasoning capabilities? While recent advances like o1, Deepseek R1, and Kimi1.5 demonstrate RL's potential, the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuefeng Li , Haoyang Zou , Pengfei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the unique capability to understand and generate human-like text from input queries. When fine-tuned, these models show enhanced performance on domain-specific queries. OpenAI highlights the process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Scott Barnett , Zac Brannelly , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sheng Wong

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning capabilities in tasks such as algorithmic coding and mathematical problem-solving. Recent methods have improved reasoning through expanded corpus and multistage training…

Prevailing methods for mapping large generative language models to supervised tasks may fail to sufficiently probe models' novel capabilities. Using GPT-3 as a case study, we show that 0-shot prompts can significantly outperform few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Laria Reynolds , Kyle McDonell

A less complex and more straightforward program is a crucial factor that enhances its maintainability and makes writing secure and bug-free programs easier. However, due to its heavy workload and the risks of breaking the working programs,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Atsushi Shirafuji , Yusuke Oda , Jun Suzuki , Makoto Morishita , Yutaka Watanobe

Large language models (LLMs) empowered by chain-of-thought reasoning have achieved impressive accuracy on complex tasks but suffer from excessive inference costs and latency when applied uniformly to all problems. We propose SABER…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Kai Zhao , Yanjun Zhao , Jiaming Song , Shien He , Lusheng Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Tianjiao Li

Despite the impressive capabilities of large language models, their substantial computational costs, latency, and privacy risks hinder their widespread deployment in real-world applications. Small Language Models (SLMs) with fewer than 10…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinlin Wang , Mats Brorsson

The ability to recognize patterns from examples and apply them to new ones is a primal ability for general intelligence, and is widely studied by psychology and AI researchers. Many benchmarks have been proposed to measure such ability for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kai Yan , Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Yifan Yang , Ting-Han Fan , Lingfeng Shen , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

This paper presents a novel framework for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs) by leveraging iterative reasoning and feedback-driven methodologies. Building on the limitations identified in the SimpleBench…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Soham Sane , Angus McLean

Large language models excel on static benchmarks, but their ability as self-learning agents in dynamic environments remains unclear. We evaluate three prompting strategies: self-reflection, heuristic mutation, and planning across dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Annie Wong , Thomas Bäck , Aske Plaat , Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova

Difficult problems, which often result in long reasoning traces, are widely recognized as key factors for enhancing the performance of reasoning models. However, such high-challenge problems are scarce, limiting the size of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Si Shen , Fei Huang , Zhixiao Zhao , Chang Liu , Tiansheng Zheng , Danhao Zhu