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Identifying variables responsible for changes to a biological system enables applications in drug target discovery and cell engineering. Given a pair of observational and interventional datasets, the goal is to isolate the subset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Menghua Wu , Umesh Padia , Sean H. Murphy , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Causal representation learning aims to recover the latent causal variables and their causal relations, typically represented by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), from low-level observations such as image pixels. A prevailing line of research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ignavier Ng , Shaoan Xie , Xinshuai Dong , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

We present a generalized linear structural causal model, coupled with a novel data-adaptive linear regularization, to recover causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from time series. By leveraging a recently developed stochastic monotone…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Song Wei , Yao Xie , Christopher S. Josef , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

We present a generalized linear structural causal model, coupled with a novel data-adaptive linear regularization, to recover causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from time series. By leveraging a recently developed stochastic monotone…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Song Wei , Yao Xie , Christopher S. Josef , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

Causal inference with observational data critically relies on untestable and extra-statistical assumptions that have (sometimes) testable implications. Well-known sets of assumptions that are sufficient to justify the causal interpretation…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-20 Pablo Geraldo Bastías

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are a standard tool in causal modeling, but their suitability for capturing the complexity of large-scale multimodal data is questionable. In practice, real-world multimodal datasets are often collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Erdun Gao , Biwei Huang , Mingming Gong , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

We assume that we have observational data generated from an unknown underlying directed acyclic graph (DAG) model. A DAG is typically not identifiable from observational data, but it is possible to consistently estimate the equivalence…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-02 Marloes H. Maathuis , Markus Kalisch , Peter Bühlmann

We study the problem of learning causal representations from unknown, latent interventions in a general setting, where the latent distribution is Gaussian but the mixing function is completely general. We prove strong identifiability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Simon Buchholz , Goutham Rajendran , Elan Rosenfeld , Bryon Aragam , Bernhard Schölkopf , Pradeep Ravikumar

Bayesian networks, with structure given by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), are a popular class of graphical models. However, learning Bayesian networks from discrete or categorical data is particularly challenging, due to the large…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Jiaying Gu , Fei Fu , Qing Zhou

A common theme in causal inference is learning causal relationships between observed variables, also known as causal discovery. This is usually a daunting task, given the large number of candidate causal graphs and the combinatorial nature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-11 Romain Lopez , Jan-Christian Hütter , Jonathan K. Pritchard , Aviv Regev

We establish conditions under which latent causal graphs are nonparametrically identifiable and can be reconstructed from unknown interventions in the latent space. Our primary focus is the identification of the latent structure in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-06 Yibo Jiang , Bryon Aragam

We give a selective review of some recent developments in causal inference, intended for researchers who are not familiar with graphical models and causality, and with a focus on methods that are applicable to large data sets. We mainly…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-26 Marloes H. Maathuis , Preetam Nandy

Deep learning (DL) has recently drawn much attention in image analysis, natural language process, and high-dimensional medical data analysis. Under the causal direct acyclic graph (DAG) interpretation, the input variables without incoming…

Applications · Statistics 2022-03-22 Jong-Hyeon Jeong , Yichen Jia

Recent advances have established the identifiability of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) under additive noise models (ANMs), spurring the development of various causal discovery methods. However, most existing methods make restrictive model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Stella Huang , Qing Zhou

Structural learning of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) or Bayesian networks has been studied extensively under the assumption that data are independent. We propose a new Gaussian DAG model for dependent data which assumes the observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-30 Hangjian Li , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Qing Zhou

Identification theory for causal effects in causal models associated with hidden variable directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is well studied. However, the corresponding algorithms are underused due to the complexity of estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Rohit Bhattacharya , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser

There has been a growing interest in causal learning in recent years. Commonly used representations of causal structures, including Bayesian networks and structural equation models (SEM), take the form of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Pavel Rytir , Ales Wodecki , Jakub Marecek

Many real-world decision-making tasks require learning causal relationships between a set of variables. Traditional causal discovery methods, however, require that all variables are observed, which is often not feasible in practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 Raj Agrawal , Chandler Squires , Neha Prasad , Caroline Uhler

Learning the causal structure that underlies data is a crucial step towards robust real-world decision making. The majority of existing work in causal inference focuses on determining a single directed acyclic graph (DAG) or a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yashas Annadani , Jonas Rothfuss , Alexandre Lacoste , Nino Scherrer , Anirudh Goyal , Yoshua Bengio , Stefan Bauer

Graph-based causal discovery methods aim to capture conditional independencies consistent with the observed data and differentiate causal relationships from indirect or induced ones. Successful construction of graphical models of data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-08 Boris Hayete , Fred Gruber , Anna Decker , Raymond Yan