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Self-conditioning has been central to the success of continuous diffusion language models, as it allows models to correct previous errors. Yet its ability degrades precisely in the regime where diffusion is most attractive for deployment:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Dat Nguyen-Cong , Tung Kieu , Hoang Thanh-Tung

Self-speculative decoding is an inference technique for large language models designed to speed up generation without sacrificing output quality. It combines fast, approximate decoding using a compact version of the model as a draft model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Walaa Amer , Uday das , Fadi Kurdahi

Autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in language tasks but face two significant bottlenecks: (1) quadratic complexity in the attention module as the number of tokens increases, and (2) limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Haoran You , Yichao Fu , Zheng Wang , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Yingyan Celine Lin

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have achieved rapid progress, viewed as a promising alternative to the autoregressive paradigm. However, most dLLM decoders still adopt a global confidence threshold, and do not explicitly model local…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuzhe Chen , Jiale Cao , Xuyang Liu , Jin Xie , Aiping Yang , Yanwei Pang

Diffusion-based image editing offers strong semantic controllability, but remains computationally expensive due to iterative high-resolution denoising over all spatial tokens. Dynamic-resolution sampling reduces this cost by performing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhengan Yan , Shikang Zheng , Haoran Qin , Xiaobing Tu , Yinggui Wang , Jiacheng Liu , Jiaxuan Ren , Yuqi Lin , Peiliang Cai , Jinkui Ren , Xiantao Zhang , Linfeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but face critical deployment challenges in device-edge systems due to resource limitations and communication overhead. To address these issues, collaborative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Jiahong Ning , Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have achieved widespread success due to their ability to generate high-resolution, photorealistic images. These models are trained on large-scale datasets, like LAION-5B, often scraped from the internet.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Korada Sri Vardhana , Shrikrishna Lolla , Soma Biswas

Machine learning methods, such as diffusion models, are widely explored as a promising way to accelerate high-fidelity fluid dynamics computation via a super-resolution process from faster-to-compute low-fidelity input. However, existing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Ruoyan Li , Zijie Huang , Haixin Wang , Guancheng Wan , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

Speculative decoding is commonly used for reducing the inference latency of large language models. Its effectiveness depends highly on the speculation lookahead (SL)-the number of tokens generated by the draft model at each iteration. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan Mamou , Oren Pereg , Daniel Korat , Moshe Berchansky , Nadav Timor , Moshe Wasserblat , Roy Schwartz

Most recent semi-supervised deep learning (deep SSL) methods used a similar paradigm: use network predictions to update pseudo-labels and use pseudo-labels to update network parameters iteratively. However, they lack theoretical support and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Guo-Hua Wang , Jianxin Wu

While LLM-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) achieves high accuracy, its speed is limited by sequential autoregressive decoding. Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a parallel alternative, yet their decoding strategies remain…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Jeong Hun Yeo , Minsu Kim , Hyeongseop Rha , Yong Man Ro

The rapid advancement of Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) introduces unprecedented vulnerabilities that are fundamentally distinct from Autoregressive LLMs, stemming from their iterative and parallel generation mechanisms. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zherui Li , Zheng Nie , Zhenhong Zhou , Yue Liu , Yitong Zhang , Yu Cheng , Qingsong Wen , Kun Wang , Yufei Guo , Jiaheng Zhang

Autoregressive (AR) generation is the standard decoding paradigm for Large Language Models (LLMs), but its token-by-token nature limits parallelism at inference time. Diffusion Language Models (DLLMs) offer parallel decoding by recovering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aiwei Liu , Minghua He , Shaoxun Zeng , Sijun Zhang , Linhao Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Wei Jia , Yuan Liu , Xiao Zhou , Jie Zhou

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising technique to accelerate the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) by employing a small language model to draft a hypothesis sequence, which is then validated by the LLM. The effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Ziyue Wang , Pengfei Wu , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Low-latency decoding for large language models (LLMs) is crucial for applications like chatbots and code assistants, yet generating long outputs remains slow in single-query settings. Prior work on speculative decoding (which combines a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ziyi Zhang , Ziheng Jiang , Chengquan Jiang , Menghan Yu , Size Zheng , Haibin Lin , Henry Hoffmann , Xin Liu

Recent literature has effectively leveraged diffusion models trained on continuous variables as priors for solving inverse problems. Notably, discrete diffusion models with discrete latent codes have shown strong performance, particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Naoki Murata , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Yuhta Takida , Toshimitsu Uesaka , Bac Nguyen , Stefano Ermon , Yuki Mitsufuji

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models, enabling parallel token generation while achieving competitive performance. Despite these advantages, MDMs face a fundamental limitation: once…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yair Schiff , Omer Belhasin , Roy Uziel , Guanghan Wang , Marianne Arriola , Gilad Turok , Michael Elad , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Most large language models are autoregressive: they generate tokens one at a time. Discrete diffusion language models can generate multiple tokens in parallel, but sampling from them requires a denoising order: a strategy for deciding which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Daniel Israel , Tian Jin , Ellie Cheng , Guy Van den Broeck , Aditya Grover , Suvinay Subramanian , Michael Carbin

Large language models incur high inference latency due to sequential autoregressive decoding. Speculative decoding alleviates this bottleneck by using a lightweight draft model to propose multiple tokens for batched verification. However,…

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the long-dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm, offering a parallelable decoding process that could yield greater efficiency. Yet, in practice, current open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Peng , Peiyu Liu , Zican Dong , Daixuan Cheng , Junyi Li , Yiru Tang , Shuo Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao
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