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World models, which predict future transitions from past observation and action sequences, have shown great promise for improving data efficiency in sequential decision-making. However, existing world models often require extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Siqiao Huang , Jialong Wu , Qixing Zhou , Shangchen Miao , Mingsheng Long

Current Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms struggle with long-horizon tasks where time can be wasted exploring dead ends and task progress may be easily reversed. We develop the SPOT framework, which explores within action safety zones,…

Standard regression techniques, while powerful, are often constrained by predefined, differentiable loss functions such as mean squared error. These functions may not fully capture the desired behavior of a system, especially when dealing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yongchao Huang

Video generation models trained on heterogeneous data with likelihood-surrogate objectives can produce visually plausible rollouts that violate physical constraints in embodied manipulation. Although reinforcement-learning post-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhenyang Ni , Yijiang Li , Ruochen Jiao , Simon Sinong Zhan , Sipeng Chen , Zhenfei Yin , Minshuo Chen , Philip Torr , Zhaoran Wang , Qi Zhu

Recent research has turned to Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve challenging decision problems, as an alternative to hand-tuned heuristics. RL can learn good policies without the need for modeling the environment's dynamics. Despite this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Pouya Hamadanian , Malte Schwarzkopf , Siddartha Sen , Mohammad Alizadeh

World Models (WMs) have emerged as a promising approach for post-training Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies to improve robustness and generalization under environmental changes. However, most WM-based post-training methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 An Dinh Vuong , Tuan Van Vo , Abdullah Sohail , Haoran Ding , Liang Ma , Xiaodan Liang , Anqing Duan , Ivan Laptev , Ian Reid

Off-road navigation on vertically challenging terrain, involving steep slopes and rugged boulders, presents significant challenges for wheeled robots both at the planning level to achieve smooth collision-free trajectories and at the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Tong Xu , Chenhui Pan , Xuesu Xiao

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising tool for developing controllers for real world systems (e.g., robotics, autonomous driving, etc.). However, real systems often have constraints imposed on their state space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Akshita Gupta , Inseok Hwang

Reinforcement Learning (RL), among other learning-based methods, represents powerful tools to solve complex robotic tasks (e.g., actuation, manipulation, navigation, etc.), with the need for real-world data to train these systems as one of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Kenzo Lobos-Tsunekawa , Tatsuya Harada

Non-prehensile manipulation, such as pushing objects to a desired target position, is an important skill for robots to assist humans in everyday situations. However, the task is challenging due to the large variety of objects with different…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Lara Bergmann , David Leins , Robert Haschke , Klaus Neumann

Training robot policies within a learned world model is trending due to the inefficiency of real-world interactions. The established image-based world models and policies have shown prior success, but lack robust geometric information that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Guanxing Lu , Baoxiong Jia , Puhao Li , Yixin Chen , Ziwei Wang , Yansong Tang , Siyuan Huang

Fine-tuning foundation models via reinforcement learning (RL) has proven promising for aligning to downstream objectives. In the case of diffusion models (DMs), though RL training improves alignment from early timesteps, critical issues…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-14 Roberto Barceló , Cristóbal Alcázar , Felipe Tobar

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to be effective in many scenarios. However, it typically requires the exploration of a sufficiently large number of state-action pairs, some of which may be unsafe. Consequently, its application to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-24 Yousef Emam , Gennaro Notomista , Paul Glotfelter , Zsolt Kira , Magnus Egerstedt

Humans leverage rich internal models of the world to reason about the future, imagine counterfactuals, and adapt flexibly to new situations. In Reinforcement Learning (RL), world models aim to capture how the environment evolves in response…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Léopold Maytié , Roland Bertin Johannet , Rufin VanRullen

Policy Mirror Descent (PMD) is a powerful and theoretically sound methodology for sequential decision-making. However, it is not directly applicable to Reinforcement Learning (RL) due to the inaccessibility of explicit action-value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Pietro Novelli , Marco Pratticò , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be a data efficient approach for learning control tasks but is difficult to utilize in domains with complex observations such as images. In this paper, we present a method for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Marvin Zhang , Sharad Vikram , Laura Smith , Pieter Abbeel , Matthew J. Johnson , Sergey Levine

In model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL), most algorithms rely on simulating trajectories from one-step dynamics models learned on data. A critical challenge of this approach is the compounding of one-step prediction errors as length of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Abdelhakim Benechehab , Giuseppe Paolo , Albert Thomas , Maurizio Filippone , Balázs Kégl

World models power some of the most efficient reinforcement learning algorithms. In this work, we showcase that they can be harnessed for continual learning - a situation when the agent faces changing environments. World models typically…

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a compelling data-driven paradigm for synthesizing controllers for complex systems when accurate physical models are unavailable; however, most existing control-oriented RL methods assume stationarity and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Austin Coursey , Abel Diaz-Gonzalez , Marcos Quinones-Grueiro , Gautam Biswas

Decision-making is critical for lane change in autonomous driving. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms aim to identify the values of behaviors in various situations and thus they become a promising pathway to address the decision-making…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Jingda Wu , Wenhui Huang , Niels de Boer , Yanghui Mo , Xiangkun He , Chen Lv