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Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations rely on inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide global connectivity. However, one significant challenge is to establish and maintain inter-plane ISLs, which support communication between…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Maik Röper , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski , Beatriz Soret

Space object identification is vital for operating spacecraft, space traffic control, and space situational awareness, but initial determination, maintenance, and recovery of identity are all difficult, expensive, and error-prone,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-03 David M. Palmer , Rebecca M. Holmes

Unlike in terrestrial cellular networks, certain frequency bands for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have thus far been allocated on a non-exclusive basis. In this context, systems that launch their satellites earlier (referred to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Jeong Min Kong , Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts

In practice, low Earth orbit (LEO) and medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite networks consist of multiple orbits which are populated with many satellites. A widely used spatial architecture for LEO or MEO satellites is the Walker…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Chang-Sik Choi , Francois Baccelli

Today's Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, exemplified by SpaceX's Starlink, play a crucial role in delivering global internet access to millions of users. However, managing the dynamic and expansive nature of these networks poses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Dara Ron , Faisal Ahmed Yusufzai , Sebastian Kwakye , Satyaki Roy , Nishanth Sastry , Vijay K. Shah

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks (SatNets) are envisioned to play a crucial role in providing global and ubiquitous connectivity efficiently. Accordingly, in the coming years, thousands of LEO satellites will be launched to create…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Mohammed Y. Abdelsadek , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

This letter characterizes the contact angle distribution based on the condition that the relay low earth orbit (LEO) satellite is in the communication range of both the ground transmitter and the ground receiver. As one of the core…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Ruibo Wang , Anna Talgat , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are emerging as an essential communication infrastructure, with standardized 5G-based non-terrestrial networks and their integration with terrestrial systems envisioned as a key feature of 6G.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andreas Casparsen , Jonas Ellegaard Jakobsen , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva Mayorga

This paper investigates the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to assist covert communication between a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a ground user under the surveillance of a passive warden. The UAV simultaneously serves its own…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Hung D. Nguyen , Jeongseok Ha

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications (SatCom) are considered a promising solution to provide uninterrupted services in cellular networks. Line-of-sight (LoS) links between the LEO satellites and the ground users are, however,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-01 Xiaowen Tian , Nuria Gonzalez-Prelcic , Takayuki Shimizu

Being able to provide latency guarantees for orbital edge computing applications through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is a major milestone for their integration into 5G and 6G networks. However, achieving this is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nicolai Dalsgaard Lyholm , Beatriz Soret , Tijana Devaja , Thomas Grundgaard Mulvad , Cedomir Stefanovic , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

The increasing number of satellites and orbital debris has made space congestion a critical issue, threatening satellite safety and sustainability. Challenges such as collision avoidance, station-keeping, and orbital maneuvering require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Alexandre Oliveira , Katarina Dyreby , Francisco Caldas , Cláudia Soares

Due to an increase in the availability of cheap off-the-shelf radio hardware, spoofing and replay attacks on satellite ground systems have become more accessible than ever. This is particularly a problem for legacy systems, many of which do…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Joshua Smailes , Sebastian Köhler , Simon Birnbach , Martin Strohmeier , Ivan Martinovic

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations combine great flexibility and global coverage with short propagation delays when compared to satellites deployed in higher orbits. However, the fast movement of the individual satellites makes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Jonas W. Rabjerg , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

In this letter, we study an active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) assisted Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications under non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios, where the active RIS is deployed to create visual line-of-sight…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-26 Ziwei Liu , Junyan He , Shanshan Zhao , Meng Hua , Bin Lyu , Xinjie Zhao , Gengxin Zhang

The emergence of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations is dynamically transforming the space sector. While free-space optical (FSO) links efficiently facilitate intersatellite data forwarding, they suffer from…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Pablo G. Madoery , Juan A. Fraire , Jorge M. Finochietto , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

The construction of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has recently attracted tremendous attention from both academia and industry. The 5G and 6G standards have identified LEO satellite networks as a key component of future…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jiasheng Wu , Shaojie Su , Wenjun Zhu , Xiong Wang , Jingjing Zhang , Xingqiu He , Yue Gao

This work provides a rigorous methodology for assessing the feasibility of spectrum sharing between large low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. For concreteness, we focus on the existing Starlink system and the soon-to-be-launched…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Jeffrey G. Andrews

The standardization of 5G systems is entering in its critical phase, with 3GPP that will publish the PHY standard by June 2017. In order to meet the demanding 5G requirements both in terms of large throughput and global connectivity,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Oltjon Kodheli , Alessandro Guidotti , Alessandro Vanelli-Coralli

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites play an essential role in intelligent Earth observation by leveraging artificial intelligence models. However, limited onboard memory and excessive inference delay prevent the practical deployment of large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Songge Zhang , Wen Wu , Liang Li , Ye Wang , Xuemin , Shen