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Knowledge distillation is a popular machine learning technique that aims to transfer knowledge from a large 'teacher' network to a smaller 'student' network and improve the student's performance by training it to emulate the teacher. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Sushil Thapa

Offline reinforcement learning often requires a quality dataset that we can train a policy on. However, in many situations, it is not possible to get such a dataset, nor is it easy to train a policy to perform well in the actual environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jonathan Light , Yuanzhe Liu , Ziniu Hu

Training agents via off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) requires a large memory, named replay memory, that stores past experiences used for learning. These experiences are sampled, uniformly or non-uniformly, to create the batches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Bumgeun Park , Taeyoung Kim , Woohyeon Moon , Luiz Felipe Vecchietti , Dongsoo Har

We propose a new algorithm for fine-tuning large language models using reinforcement learning. Tapered Off-Policy REINFORCE (TOPR) uses an asymmetric, tapered variant of importance sampling to speed up learning while maintaining stable…

Knowledge distillation is a key technique for transferring the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient student models. Existing distillation approaches often overlook two critical factors: the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jincheng Cao , Fanzhi Zeng , Leqi Liu , Aryan Mokhtari

In the past decade, there has been substantial progress at training increasingly deep neural networks. Recent advances within the teacher--student training paradigm have established that information about past training updates show promise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Liang Jiang , Zujie Wen , Zhongping Liang , Yafang Wang , Gerard de Melo , Zhe Li , Liangzhuang Ma , Jiaxing Zhang , Xiaolong Li , Yuan Qi

In natural language processing (NLP) tasks, slow inference speed and huge footprints in GPU usage remain the bottleneck of applying pre-trained deep models in production. As a popular method for model compression, knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Fei Yuan , Linjun Shou , Jian Pei , Wutao Lin , Ming Gong , Yan Fu , Daxin Jiang

Many reinforcement learning algorithms, particularly those that rely on return estimates for policy improvement, can suffer from poor sample efficiency and training instability due to high-variance return estimates. In this paper we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alexander W. Goodall , Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli

Knowledge distillation (KD) is one of the prominent techniques for model compression. In this method, the knowledge of a large network (teacher) is distilled into a model (student) with usually significantly fewer parameters. KD tries to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Aref Jafari , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ali Ghodsi

Knowledge distillation (KD) is an effective model compression technique where a compact student network is taught to mimic the behavior of a complex and highly trained teacher network. In contrast, Mutual Learning (ML) provides an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Usma Niyaz , Deepti R. Bathula

Knowledge Distillation (KD) compresses large language models (LLMs) by transferring the teacher model's capabilities to a smaller student model, reducing inference cost and memory usage while maintaining performance. However, existing KD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Lingyuan Liu , Mengxiang Zhang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a powerful paradigm to align language models with human preferences using pairwise comparisons. However, its binary win-or-loss supervision often proves insufficient for training small models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Minchan Kwon , Junwon Ko , Kangil Kim , Junmo Kim

This paper investigates the problem of online prediction learning, where learning proceeds continuously as the agent interacts with an environment. The predictions made by the agent are contingent on a particular way of behaving,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Sina Ghiassian , Andrew Patterson , Martha White , Richard S. Sutton , Adam White

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks via long chain-of-thought (CoT), yet their immense computational overhead hinders real-world deployment. LLM reasoning distillation addresses this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Bing Wang , Shaotian Yan , Chen Shen , kaiyuan liu , Sinan Fan , Ximing Li , Rui Miao , Xiaosong Yuan , Zhanming Shen , Jieping Ye

Due to constraints on privacy, cost, and latency, on-premise deployment of small models is increasingly common. However, most practical pipelines stop at supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and fail to reach the reinforcement learning (RL)…

Adversarial training is a widely adopted strategy to bolster the robustness of neural network models against adversarial attacks. This paper revisits the fundamental assumptions underlying image classification and suggests that representing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Erh-Chung Chen , Che-Rung Lee

Distillation is an effective knowledge-transfer technique that uses predicted distributions of a powerful teacher model as soft targets to train a less-parameterized student model. A pre-trained high capacity teacher, however, is not always…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Defang Chen , Jian-Ping Mei , Can Wang , Yan Feng , Chun Chen

Soft prompt learning methods are effective for adapting vision-language models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. Nevertheless, empirical evidence reveals a tendency of existing methods that they overfit seen classes and exhibit degraded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yang Chen , Shuai Fu , Yu Zhang

Language model (LM) post-training (or alignment) involves maximizing a reward function that is derived from preference annotations. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a popular offline alignment method that trains a policy directly on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Adam Fisch , Jacob Eisenstein , Vicky Zayats , Alekh Agarwal , Ahmad Beirami , Chirag Nagpal , Pete Shaw , Jonathan Berant

Off-policy ensemble reinforcement learning (RL) methods have demonstrated impressive results across a range of RL benchmark tasks. Recent works suggest that directly imitating experts' policies in a supervised manner before or during the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Zhang-Wei Hong , Prabhat Nagarajan , Guilherme Maeda