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Retrosynthesis, the process of breaking down a target molecule into simpler precursors through a series of valid reactions, stands at the core of organic chemistry and drug development. Although recent machine learning (ML) research has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haorui Wang , Jeff Guo , Lingkai Kong , Rampi Ramprasad , Philippe Schwaller , Yuanqi Du , Chao Zhang

Code agents powered by large language models can execute shell commands on behalf of users, introducing severe security vulnerabilities. This paper presents a two-phase security analysis of the OpenClaw platform. As an open-source AI agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhengyang Shan , Jiayun Xin , Yue Zhang , Minghui Xu

Automating scientific discovery requires more than generating papers from ideas. Real research is iterative: hypotheses are challenged from multiple perspectives, experiments fail and inform the next attempt, and lessons accumulate across…

In order to deploy machine learning in a real-world self-driving laboratory where data acquisition is costly and there are multiple competing design criteria, systems need to be able to intelligently sample while balancing performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Tyler H. Chang , Jakob R. Elias , Stefan M. Wild , Santanu Chaudhuri , Joseph A. Libera

The rise of OpenClaw in early 2026 marks the moment when millions of users began deploying personal AI agents into their daily lives, delegating tasks ranging from travel planning to multi-step research. This scale of adoption signals that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ningyan Zhu , Huacan Wang , Jie Zhou , Feiyu Chen , Shuo Zhang , Ge Chen , Chen Liu , Jiarou Wu , Wangyi Chen , Xiaofeng Mou , Yi Xu

In recent years, conventional chemistry techniques have faced significant challenges due to their inherent limitations, struggling to cope with the increasing complexity and volume of data generated in contemporary research endeavors.…

Driven by the rapid ascent of artificial intelligence (AI), organizations are at the epicenter of a seismic shift, facing a crucial question: How can AI be successfully integrated into existing operations? To help answer it, manage…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Tamen Jadad-Garcia , Alejandro R. Jadad

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, exemplified by OpenClaw, demonstrate remarkable capabilities in executing complex, long-horizon tasks. However, their tightly coupled instant-messaging interaction paradigm and high-privilege…

Remarkable progress has been made in automated problem solving through societies of agents based on large language models (LLMs). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as a complex problem, presents unique challenges in automated simulations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yuxuan Chen , Xu Zhu , Hua Zhou , Zhuyin Ren

When designing multidisciplinary tool workflows in visual development environments, researchers and engineers often combine simulation tools which serve a functional purpose and helper tools that merely ensure technical compatibility by,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Dominik Schneider , Alexander Weinert

Numerical simulation of plasma discharges is often performed by models developed in-house and coupling externally and separately written codes. The MOOSE (Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment) framework provides tools for…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-05-27 Shane Keniley , Davide Curreli

We investigate whether chemical processes can perform in-context learning (ICL), a mode of computation typically associated with transformer architectures. ICL allows a system to infer task-specific rules from a sequence of examples without…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-01-13 Carlos Floyd , Hector Manuel Lopez Rios , Aaron R. Dinner , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

Robotic automation has transformed scientific workflows in domains such as chemistry and materials science, yet free-space optics, which is a high precision domain, remains largely manual. Optical systems impose strict spatial and angular…

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are widely used to study large-scale molecular systems. HPC systems are ideal platforms to run these studies, however, reaching the necessary simulation timescale to detect rare processes is challenging,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Tu Mai Anh Do , Loïc Pottier , Rafael Ferreira da Silva , Frédéric Suter , Silvina Caíno-Lores , Michela Taufer , Ewa Deelman

With the increasing interest in robotic synthesis in the context of organic chemistry, the automated extraction of chemical procedures from literature is critical. However, this task remains challenging due to the inherent ambiguity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yu Zhang , Ruijie Yu , Jidong Tian , Feng Zhu , Jiapeng Liu , Xiaokang Yang , Yaohui Jin , Yanyan Xu

The adoption of detailed mechanisms for chemical kinetics often poses two types of severe challenges: First, the number of degrees of freedom is large; and second, the dynamics is characterized by widely disparate time scales. As a result,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Eliodoro Chiavazzo , C. William Gear , Carmeline J. Dsilva , Neta Rabin , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

The rapidly growing demand for high-quality data in Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified the need for scalable, reliable, and semantically rich data preparation pipelines. However, current practices remain dominated by ad-hoc…

Medical image processing is often limited by the computational cost of the involved algorithms. Whereas dedicated computing devices (GPUs in particular) exist and do provide significant efficiency boosts, they have an extra cost of use in…

Running scientific workflows on a supercomputer can be a daunting task for a scientific domain specialist. Workflow management solutions (WMS) are a standard method for reducing the complexity of application deployment on high performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Wouter Klijn , Sandra Diaz-Pier , Abigail Morrison , Alexander Peyser

Large language model (LLM) agents such as OpenClaw rely on reusable skills to perform complex tasks, yet these skills remain largely static after deployment. As a result, similar workflows, tool usage patterns, and failure modes are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ziyu Ma , Shidong Yang , Yuxiang Ji , Xucong Wang , Yong Wang , Yiming Hu , Tongwen Huang , Xiangxiang Chu