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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital to safety-critical machine learning applications and has thus been extensively studied, with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, the field currently lacks a unified,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jingkang Yang , Pengyun Wang , Dejian Zou , Zitang Zhou , Kunyuan Ding , Wenxuan Peng , Haoqi Wang , Guangyao Chen , Bo Li , Yiyou Sun , Xuefeng Du , Kaiyang Zhou , Wayne Zhang , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Despite graph neural networks' (GNNs) great success in modelling graph-structured data, out-of-distribution (OOD) test instances still pose a great challenge for current GNNs. One of the most effective techniques to detect OOD nodes is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Danny Wang , Ruihong Qiu , Guangdong Bai , Zi Huang

Image classification models deployed in the real world may receive inputs outside the intended data distribution. For critical applications such as clinical decision making, it is important that a model can detect such out-of-distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Christoph Berger , Magdalini Paschali , Ben Glocker , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial task for ensuring the reliability and robustness of machine learning models. Recent works have shown that generative models often assign high confidence scores to OOD samples, indicating that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Rui Sun , Andi Zhang , Haiming Zhang , Jinke Ren , Yao Zhu , Ruimao Zhang , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

With the human pursuit of knowledge, open-set object detection (OSOD) has been designed to identify unknown objects in a dynamic world. However, an issue with the current setting is that all the predicted unknown objects share the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Jiyang Zheng , Weihao Li , Jie Hong , Lars Petersson , Nick Barnes

This paper presents a novel evaluation framework for Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection that aims to assess the performance of machine learning models in more realistic settings. We observed that the real-world requirements for testing OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Mohammad Sabokrou

Detecting the openable parts of articulated objects is crucial for downstream applications in intelligent robotics, such as pulling a drawer. This task poses a multitasking challenge due to the necessity of understanding object categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Siqi Li , Xiaoxue Chen , Haoyu Cheng , Guyue Zhou , Hao Zhao , Guanzhong Tian

Existing 3D object detectors encounter extreme challenges in localizing unseen 3D objects and recognizing them as unseen, which is a crucial technology in autonomous driving in the wild. To address these challenges, we propose practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Hyunjun Choi , Daeho Um , Hawook Jeong

Object Detection (OD) is an important task in Computer Vision with many practical applications. For some use cases, OD must be done on videos, where the object of interest has a periodic motion. In this paper, we formalize the problem of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Joris Guerin , Anne Magaly de Paula Canuto , Luiz Marcos Garcia Goncalves

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for ensuring the reliability and safety of deep neural networks in real-world scenarios. Different from most previous OOD detection methods that focus on designing OOD scores or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yao Zhu , YueFeng Chen , Chuanlong Xie , Xiaodan Li , Rong Zhang , Hui Xue , Xiang Tian , bolun zheng , Yaowu Chen

Classical CNN based object detection methods only extract the objects' image features, but do not consider the high-level relationship among objects in context. In this article, the graph convolutional networks (GCN) is integrated into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zheng Liu , Zidong Jiang , Wei Feng , Hui Feng

In a cyber-physical system such as an autonomous vehicle (AV), machine learning (ML) models can be used to navigate and identify objects that may interfere with the vehicle's operation. However, ML models are unlikely to make accurate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Michael Yuhas , Arvind Easwaran

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection requires sensitivity to subtle shifts without overreacting to natural In-Distribution (ID) diversity. However, from the viewpoint of detection granularity, global representation inevitably suppress local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wenrui Liu , Hong Chang , Ruibing Hou , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Detecting outliers which are grossly different from or inconsistent with the remaining dataset is a major challenge in real-world KDD applications. Existing outlier detection methods are ineffective on scattered real-world datasets due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-12-30 Ke Zhang , Marcus Hutter , Huidong Jin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) object detection is a challenging task due to the absence of open-set OOD data. Inspired by recent advancements in text-to-image generative models, such as Stable Diffusion, we study the potential of generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jiahui Liu , Xin Wen , Shizhen Zhao , Yingxian Chen , Xiaojuan Qi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the deployment of machine learning models in the open world. While existing OOD detectors are effective in identifying OOD samples that deviate significantly from in-distribution (ID) data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Hao Fu , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

In automated driving, object detection is crucial for perceiving the environment. Although deep learning-based detectors offer high performance, their black-box nature complicates safety assurance. We propose a novel methodology to analyze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Anton Kuznietsov , Dirk Schweickard , Steven Peters

Object detection is an integral part of an autonomous vehicle for its safety-critical and navigational purposes. Traffic signs as objects play a vital role in guiding such systems. However, if the vehicle fails to locate any critical sign,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Quazi Marufur Rahman , Niko Sünderhauf , Feras Dayoub

Feature shaping refers to a family of methods that exhibit state-of-the-art performance for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. These approaches manipulate the feature representation, typically from the penultimate layer of a pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Qinyu Zhao , Ming Xu , Kartik Gupta , Akshay Asthana , Liang Zheng , Stephen Gould

Recent advances in the masked autoencoder (MAE) paradigm have significantly propelled self-supervised skeleton-based action recognition. However, most existing approaches limit reconstruction targets to raw joint coordinates or their simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shengkai Sun , Zefan Zhang , Jianfeng Dong , Zhiyong Cheng , Xiaojun Chang , Meng Wang