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This paper is intended to offer a pedagogical treatment of cosmological modeling and inflationary cosmology. In recent years, inflation has become accepted as a standard scenario making predictions that are testable by observations of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 Scott Watson

The main purpose of this paper is to make Nakayama's theorem more accessible. We give a proof of Nakayama's theorem based on the negative definiteness of intersection matrices of exceptional curves. In this paper, we treat Nakayama's…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Osamu Fujino

Cosmological observations indicate that the Einstein equation may not be entirely correct to describe gravity. However, numerous modifications of these equations usually do not affect foundations of the theory. In this paper two important…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-01 Leonid V. Verozub

We discuss the issue of motivating the analysis of higher order gravity theories and their cosmologies and introduce a rule which states that these theories may be considered as a vehicle for testing whether certain properties may be of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Cotsakis

These lectures have been given to particle physicists, mostly experimentalists and very briefly and at a pedestrian level review the problems of dark matter. The content of the lectures is the following: 1. Introduction. 2. Cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 A. D. Dolgov

We motivate and then prove a generalized pythagorean theorem for parallelepipeds in Euclidean space.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2010-01-05 Charles Frohman

The purpose of this note is to consider a number of straightforward generalizations of the Pirogov-Sinai theory which can be covered by minor additions to the canonical texts. These generalizations are well-known among the adepts of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 A. Mazel , I. Stuhl , Y. Suhov

This paper gives an introduction to some results on monodromy groupoids and the monodromy principle, and then develops the notion of monodromy groupoid for group groupoids.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2011-12-30 Osman Mucuk , Berrin Kılıçarslan , Tunçar Şahan , Nazmiye Alemdar

The averaging problem in cosmology is of considerable importance for the correct interpretation of cosmological data. We review cosmological observations and discuss some of the issues regarding averaging. We present a precise definition of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-07 Alan Coley

I briefly present the foundations of relativistic cosmology, which are, General Relativity Theory and the Cosmological Principle. I discuss some relativistic models, namely, "Einstein static universe" and "Friedmann universes". The…

General Physics · Physics 2013-09-10 Domingos Soares

Cosmic-rays are ubiquitous, but their origins are surprisingly difficult to understand. A review is presented of some of the basic issues common to cosmic particle accelerators and arguments leading to the likely importance of diffusive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. W. Jones

This is an expository paper, giving a simplified proof of the cubic case of the main conjecture for Vinogradov's mean value theorem.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-11 D. R. Heath-Brown

There are several proofs of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, mainly using algebra, analysis and topology. In this article, we have shown that the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra can be proved using Nevanlinna's first fundamental theorem…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2017-08-07 Bikash Chakraborty

Cosmology differs in some respects significantly from other sciences, primarily because of its intimate association with issues of a conceptual and philosophical nature. Because cosmology in the broader sense relates to the world views held…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-12-10 Helge Kragh

The main aim of this paper is to promote a certain style of doing coinductive proofs, similar to inductive proofs as commonly done by mathematicians. For this purpose, we provide a reasonably direct justification for coinductive proofs…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Łukasz Czajka

Many physicists, following Einstein, believe that the ultimate aim of theoretical physics is to find a unified theory of all interactions which would not depend on any free dimensionless constant, i.e., a dimensionless constant that is only…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 Sebastian J. Szybka

In this work we state a Theorem on number theory and apply it to solve some ordinary and partial differential equations.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-02-25 B. M. Cerna Maguiña , D. D. Lujerio Garcia

The scope of this review is to give a pedagogical introduction to some new calculations and methods developed by the author in the context of quantum groups and their applications. The review is self- contained and serves as a "first aid…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 L. Mesref

As an approach to a Theory of Everything a framework for developing a coherent theory of mathematics and physics together is described. The main characteristic of such a theory is discussed: the theory must be valid and and sufficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Benioff

This thesis is devoted to the study of gravitational theories which can be seen as modifications or generalisations of General Relativity. The motivation for considering such theories, stemming from Cosmology, High Energy Physics and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-11-10 Thomas P. Sotiriou