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The use of large pretrained neural networks to create contextualized word embeddings has drastically improved performance on several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These computationally expensive models have begun to be applied to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Benjamin Clavié , Kobi Gal

With the rapid proliferation of textual data, predicting long texts has emerged as a significant challenge in the domain of natural language processing. Traditional text prediction methods encounter substantial difficulties when grappling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Jiahui Zhao , Ziyi Meng , Stepan Gordeev , Zijie Pan , Dongjin Song , Sandro Steinbach , Caiwen Ding

While large language models like BERT demonstrate strong empirical performance on semantic tasks, whether this reflects true conceptual competence or surface-level statistical association remains unclear. I investigate whether BERT encodes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Cole Gawin

Large pre-trained language models help to achieve state of the art on a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, nevertheless, they still suffer from forgetting when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. To alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Mingxu Tao , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

We study the utility of the lexical translation model (IBM Model 1) for English text retrieval, in particular, its neural variants that are trained end-to-end. We use the neural Model1 as an aggregator layer applied to context-free or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Leonid Boytsov , Zico Kolter

We consider the problem of predicting edges in a graph from node attributes in an e-commerce setting. Specifically, given nodes labelled with search query text, we want to predict links to related queries that share products. Experiments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Matthew Dippel , Adam Kiezun , Tanay Mehta , Ravi Sundaram , Srikanth Thirumalai , Akshar Varma

Natural language processing has greatly benefited from the introduction of the attention mechanism. However, standard attention models are of limited interpretability for tasks that involve a series of inference steps. We describe an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Martin Tutek , Jan Šnajder

Large, self-supervised transformer-based language representation models have recently received significant amounts of attention, and have produced state-of-the-art results across a variety of tasks simply by scaling up pre-training on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Alexandre Matton , Luke de Oliveira

Language models can be viewed as functions that embed text into Euclidean space, where the quality of the embedding vectors directly determines model performance, training such neural networks involves various uncertainties. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Yifei Duan , Raphael Shang , Deng Liang , Yongqiang Cai

Transformer-based architectures have become the prevailing backbone of large language models. However, the quadratic time and memory complexity of self-attention remains a fundamental obstacle to efficient long-context modeling. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yutao Sun , Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Bowen Dong , Yuyi Guo , Jianyong Wang

Recently developed large pre-trained language models, e.g., BERT, have achieved remarkable performance in many downstream natural language processing applications. These pre-trained language models often contain hundreds of millions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Xinyi Wang , Haiqin Yang , Liang Zhao , Yang Mo , Jianping Shen

Adding linguistic information (syntax or semantics) to neural machine translation (NMT) has mostly focused on using point estimates from pre-trained models. Directly using the capacity of massive pre-trained contextual word embedding models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Hassan S. Shavarani , Anoop Sarkar

Sequence labeling architectures use word embeddings for capturing similarity, but suffer when handling previously unseen or rare words. We investigate character-level extensions to such models and propose a novel architecture for combining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Marek Rei , Gamal K. O. Crichton , Sampo Pyysalo

Language models that utilize extensive self-supervised pre-training from unlabeled text, have recently shown to significantly advance the state-of-the-art performance in a variety of language understanding tasks. However, it is yet unclear…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Itzik Malkiel , Oren Barkan , Avi Caciularu , Noam Razin , Ori Katz , Noam Koenigstein

Although considerable attention has been given to neural ranking architectures recently, far less attention has been paid to the term representations that are used as input to these models. In this work, we investigate how two pretrained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Sean MacAvaney , Andrew Yates , Arman Cohan , Nazli Goharian

Attention mechanisms have seen some success for natural language processing downstream tasks in recent years and generated new State-of-the-Art results. A thorough evaluation of the attention mechanism for the task of Argumentation Mining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Maximilian Spliethöver , Jonas Klaff , Hendrik Heuer

Attention mechanisms that confer selective focus on a strict subset of input elements are nearly ubiquitous in language models today. We posit there to be downside to the use of attention: most input information is lost. In support of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Benjamin L. Badger

Systems for knowledge-intensive tasks such as open-domain question answering (QA) usually consist of two stages: efficient retrieval of relevant documents from a large corpus and detailed reading of the selected documents to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Zhengbao Jiang , Luyu Gao , Jun Araki , Haibo Ding , Zhiruo Wang , Jamie Callan , Graham Neubig

Despite the great success in Natural Language Processing (NLP) area, large pre-trained language models like BERT are not well-suited for resource-constrained or real-time applications owing to the large number of parameters and slow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Keli Xie , Siyuan Lu , Meiqi Wang , Zhongfeng Wang

Query understanding plays a key role in exploring users' search intents and facilitating users to locate their most desired information. However, it is inherently challenging since it needs to capture semantic information from short and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Juanhui Li , Yao Ma , Wei Zeng , Suqi Cheng , Jiliang Tang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin